
GassJ " \ &3 
Book 



TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTIC 



MANUAL 



STATE OF NEW-YORK. 



SECOND EDITION. 



CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE 



GRAND CANALS, SCHOOLS, FINANCES. &c. 



NEW-YORK , 

TBLISHED BY E. BLISS AND E. WHITE, 
No. 128 Broadway. 

182% 



JLISS AND E. WHITE, 
BOOKSELLERS, 

No. 123 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK, 

constantly for sale an extensive assortment of 
BOOKS, in the various branches of literature, 
among which are the following : 

Scott's Family Bible, 5 vols, quarto. 

Octavo Bibles, with and without apocrypha. 

Diamond Pocket Bibles, elegant edition, in different bindings and 

at various prices. 
Diamond Pocket Testaments, do do 

Bennett's System of Book-keeping. 
Watts's Psalms and Hymns, various editions. 
Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 6 vols, octavo 

with plates. 
Views of Society and Manners in America. 
Stewart's Elements of Natural Philosophy, Boston edition 
Schoolcraft's Tour. 
Schoolcraft's Mines of Missouri. 
Historical Society Papers, 3 vols. 
Walsh's American Register, 2 vols. 
Elements of Scholastic Science. 
Waverly Novels, 7 vols. 
Ditto separate. 
Greenleaf 's Grammar, simplified. 
Say's Political Economy. 
Matthews's do 
Walker's Sermons, 2 vols. 
Chapman's Interest Tables. 
American Dispensatory. 
Denman's Midwifery, with notes by J. W. Francis, M. D. and It; 

engravings. 
Richerand's Physiology. 
Magendie's Physiology. 
Wistar's Anatomy, 2 vols. 
Hooper's Medical Dictionary. 
Hosack's Nosology. 
Farrier's Medical Histories. 
Toxicological Synopsis. 
Cobbett's American Gardener*" 
Howard's Domestic Economv. 



A BRIEF 

TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL 

MANUAL 

OF THE 
EXHIBITING 

The Situation and Boundaries of the several Counties — the Cities, Towns, Pvlountfiins, 

Lakes, Rivers, Creeks, Sic. in each — the Villages, and other places within the 

limits of each Town — distances from the Seat of Government, &c. 

AND DESIGNATING 

The principal Places and the seat of the Courts, fyc. in each County — Hue places in which 
Post-Offices arc kept — the Incorporated Villages, 4"C. 



77v; 



SECOND EDITION— ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 



CONTAINING, ALSO, 

AN ACCOUNT OF THE GRAND CANALS ; 

TIIE 

Population of each Town and County — the situation of the Finances, 

Property, and other Puhlick Concerns of the State — with 

much other Statistical matter. 



NEW-YORK : 

PUBLISHED BY E. BLISS AND E. WHITE, 

No. 128 Broadway. 

PKINTED BY D. FANSHAW, 

No. 20 Slote-Lane. 

1322. 



EXPLANATION. 

1. The column under the word "Towns" contains all the toions legally 
constituted and incorporated in the county. 

£. The column under the words " Villages, fcc." contains the villages 
and other places (if any) in the county, placed against the town, within the li- 
mits of tvhick they are situated. 

3. The figures next on the right hand of the towns show the number of 
inhabitants in such towns. 

4. The figure 1 at the left hand of a town, village, or other place, in either 
column, shows that to be the most considerable place in the county — figure 2 
the next — and figure 3 the next, in like order : — taking into consideration, as 
well the situation and publick business, as the wealth, populousness, buildings, 
accommodations, and trade of such place. 

5. This mark "[inc.]" placed at the right hand of a village, shows it to be 
incorporated, and declared such by law. 

6. The other names in the column headed " Villages and other places," 
which are printed in Itaiick letters, are the names of considerable compact set- 
tlements, considered and known by common consent and custom as Villages, 
though not declared such by law. 

7. COURTS. The places where the Courts are held in each county are 
designated by an asterisk, thus " *," placed immediately on the right hand of 
such places. 

8. CLERKS' OFFICES of the several counties are usually kept at one or 
the other of the shire or court towns : * # * But where it is known they are 
not, the place where they are kept is designated by the letters "(C.C. O.)" 
placed next on the right hand of such place. 

9. POST-OFFICES are kc^pt at those places which have a dagger, thus 
"•£," placed also on their right hand. 

10. The figures of the last column, on the right hand of the whole page, ex- 
press the number of miles the place against which they are set is distant from 
ALBANY, the Seat of Government — reckoning on the shortest practicable 
travelling route. 

[See Index at the end.) 



District «/" New-York, ss. 

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the 28th day of February, in the forty-sixth year of the In- 
dependence of the United States of America, STERLING GOODENOW, ofthe said District, hath 
deposited in this Office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author and proprietor, in the 
words following, to wit: " A brief Topographical and Statistical Manual of the State of New- York: 
exhibiting the Situation and Boundaries of the several Counties — The Cities, Towns, Mountains.Lakes, 
Rivers, Creeks, fee. in each — The Villages and other places within the limits of each town — Distances 
from the Seat of Government, &c. — And designating the principal places, and the seat of the Courts, 
&c. in each county—The places in which Post-Offices are kept — The incorporated Villages, &.c. Se- 
cond Edition, enlarged and improved — Containing, also, an account of the grand Canals: the popu- 
lation of each town and county : the situation ofthe Finances, Property, and other publick concerns of 
the State ; with much other Statistical matter." 

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United Slates, entitled, "An Act for the encourage- 
ment of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors 
of such Copies, during the times therein mentioned ;" And also to an Act, entitled •• An Act, supple- 
mentary to an Act, entitled An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of 
Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the times therein 
mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to the Aits of Designing, Engraving, and Etcning His- 
torical and other Prints." 



JAMES DILL, Clerk of the District of Ifezo-Yorfi. 






OS 
10 



PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 

— Q<©0— 

1 HE first edition of the New-York Manual having been favourably receiv- 
ed by the publick, I should long since have manifested my gratitude by issu- 
ing an improved edition, but for a pressure of otber concerns, and a desire to 
embrace in it the Census of 1820. I now submit to the publick an edition, 
which I have found it more difficult and laborious to prepare than it would 
have been to follow the advice of publishers and others, and to compile a 
ponderous volume. The great increase of the divisions of territory, the pro- 
gress of improvement, and other important changes since 1811, have vastly 
augmented the mass of matter which pertains to the subjects of the work. It 
is much easier to describe at length, and to write over many pages, than to 
compress matter, and still render it clear and full. But it having, from the 
first, been my great object, as stated in the conclusion of the Statistical part, 
to render the advantages of the state more known to all, and to put it in the 
power of thousands of our own citizens, who have not much money or time 
to spare for books or study on such dry details, to understand pretty fully the 
situation and affairs of the state in a little time, and for a trifling sum — I have 
rejected all suggestions of adding maps, hundreds of pages, or binding. Maps 
of the State are now seen every where — book-making is foreign from my de- 
sign — and abound book could not so well be carried in the pocket, like a news- 
paper or almanack, as this is intended to be, whenever it is desirable. I look- 
ed only to use, convenience, and economy : for facts, thus condensed, and 
presented, in their results, in a strong light, are more easily and distinctly re- 
membered or recollected than long descriptions of them. The world, I be- 
lieve, feels the inconvenience of knowledge and ideas being scattered through 
millions of mighty volumes. It has cost me too much time, however, to 
crowd the seeds of books, as it were, into a thin pamphlet I have also found it 
difficult, sometimes impossible, to ascertain many little common facts with 
precision ; and my topographical information from Erie, Genesee, Tioga, and 
Herkimer, has not been so minute as I expected. 

But I assure the publick, I shall useall means in my power to render future 
editions, if called for, as perfect as possible. I believe this is correct, in the 
way in which any fact is stated, to the close of 1821, and may be relied on. 
Calculations and conjectures are accompanied by the reasons for them. I have 
striven to make the account of the Grand Canals, and the grounds of their 
expected value to the community, as minute and full as possible in so brief a 
sketch ; which, with other new matter and tables, has compelled me to delay 
the publication, and to increase the number and size of the pages, and price 
accordingly. I have also added a full Index of all names and subjects in the 
work. An Explanation of the columns, marks, figures, and whole arrange- 
ment of the Topographical part, is placed on the preceding page. 

Having no ambition of authorship, I omitted to insert my name in the for- 
mer edition, except in the certificate of copyright ; which (as many suppose) 
gave occasion for some singular mistakes and misstatements. In order that 
no one should bear another's burdens, I subscribe my name to this preface. I 
have now only to render, in this general way, my cordial thanks to several 
correspondents in different parts of the state, for the great assistance they have 
afforded me ; and to add, that I shall be equally grateful for any further in- 
formation or corrections, which may enable me to make the Manual more 
worthy of publick favour. 

STERLING GOODENOW. 

Neio-York, February 2.0th, 1822. 



IKY&OIVUCTOTIX TfcEai&ftJSS. 



THE following Tables, and part of the plan of their arrangement, were ori- 
ginally made for my own use only. Tin- reasons and necessity for them, be- 
ing the same to an individual as to the publick, will be sufficiently understood, 
When I shall have explained, in the course of these remarks, the general use 
and convenience of this Manual. When I had partially executed my original 
design, several persons wishing for copies, and suggesting the great conve- 
nience such a kind of pocket Register, or verbal map, as it were, might be to 
the generality of readers, travellers, and men of business, I enlarged and im- 
proved the plan, and undertook to collect sufficient facts to make it full and 
correct. The time and pains necessary to be spent in doing this, however, 
have been greater than was at first imagined, and the publication was, conse- 
quently, long delayed. 

The great extent of this State, the number and variety of important posts 
and situations it contains, as well as the flourishing commerce, agriculture, and 
manufactures, which its rapid settlement has suddenly exhibited to the world, 
all tend to render its topography not only interesting, but very different from 
that of most other states, and difficult to be well understood even by its own 
and oldest inhabitants. The rapidity of its settlement and improvements has 
so far outstripped a swift legislative career of municipal regulations, and of 
local and territorial arrangements, that even a thorough knowledge of all the 
statutes of this State would by no means enable a person to understand all 
its divisions and subdivisions — much less to tell ivhere, or within tvhat county 
or town, many of the well known and established settlements and villages are 
situated. 

Hence arises another difficulty, almost peculiar to this State, namely, that 
of several places bearing the same name : — for although the legislature very 
properly made an attempt, in 1808, (and at sundry times since,) to give new 
names to all those towns which had a name previously appropriated to some- 
other town, the remedy, even in-4hat respect, was not quite complete ; and, 
after all, it was found that so many places within the limits of sundry towns 
had taken and retained the name of the town from which some of their inha- 
bitants have migrated, or for which some of them have a fondness, that we 
still have neighbourhoods, settlements, post-offices, and villages, named several 
times over after older towns and villages. These not being towns of them- 
selves, but wholly contained within the limits of some town corporate — which 
has (for all purposes of elections, state and county affairs, assessment of taxes, 
maintenance of the poor, &c.) a distinct and different name, they remain un- 
altered by the legislature. Many of these villages and places will, as popula- 
tion and wealth increase, be erected into separate towns ;* but, if they should 

* Such lias already been the case with Lansingburgh, Utica, Athens, Ithaca, Salina, Wa- 
terford, New-Lebanon, Lyons, Saratoga Springs, Oswego, New-Baltimore, Lewiston, 
Saugerties, Sand Lake, Fort'EtWard, Colesvifle, Pleasant Valley, and Hyde Park, which 
have been taken from the towns of Troy, VVhitestovna, Cattskill, Ulysses, Onondaga, Half- 
moon, Canaan, Sodus, Saratoga, Hannibal; Coxsackie, Cambria, Kingston, Greenbush, 
Berlin, Argyle, Windsor, ami Clinton, and erected into distinct and separate townsby their for- 
mer village-names. But the villages r>f Auburn, Cooperstown, Geneva, Ogdensburgh, Sandy- 
hill, New-Hartford, Sag Harbour, Setauket, Monncello, Little Falls, Peekskill, Skanea- 
teles, Rochesterville, Syracuse, Clinton, and many oilier considerable places, are all iiithin 
tiie limits of, and belong lo, towns having ether and ili1]erent names — which is the reason of 
their not being fennd in the returns of votes, electors, inhabitants, assessments, valuations; fcc, 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 

be permitted to retain the same names, the difficulty will rather be increased, 
than obviated, by such circumstances. And, as these places acquired their 
names by common consent and usage only, it may, with some, be a matter of 
doubt how far it might be proper for the legislature to interpose to do away 
such confusion. It is certainly to be regretted, that in naming any new town, 
legislatures have permitted the adoption of a name which had been already 
appropriated to any place in the United States : for the towns, cities, and vil- 
lages, in one state, now seem to be little else but the repetition of the names 
of another ; and it has become absolutely necessary, in doing business with 
any safety, to designate, in writings and directions, the state, as well as the 
city, town, ear Village. But it is very remarkable and strange that, any one 
state should allow of tiro or more incorporated towns, within its territory, 
bearing the same or nearly the same name: yet we still have in this state, 
" Stamford" md " Stanford," and " Charleston" and " Chariton," Hempstead 
and Hampstead,*' " Minden" and " Mendon" as names of towns; besides, two 
different towns by the same name of" Harrison," two named " Concord," and 
two " Freedom." These might easily be rectified by prefixing the word New 
to the present name, or adding ville, burgh, or the like. But, without going 
into a total and thorough reformation, it will be difficult wholly to avoid the 
occurrence of mistakes on account of the near resemblance there is in the sound 
and appearance of such names as the following : Genesee and Geneseo ; Ote- 
go, Otsego, and Otisco ; Owego and Oswego ; Le Roy and Le Ray ; Cayu- 
ga and Cayuta ; and Plattsburgh and Prattsburgh. 

In addition to this, the names of counties have been usurped by towns situ- 
ate in other counties, and the names of towns also by new counties — Thus, 
the Counties of Montgomery, Clinton. Courtlandt, and Sullivan, were so 
named after there were towns of the same names in the counties of Orange, 
Dutchess, West-Chester, and Madison — and Schoharie County contains the 
towns of Jefferson and Broome ; Dutchess county, the towns of Washington 
and Clinton ; Oneida county, the town of Steuben ; Sullivan county, the town 
of Rockland; and Essex county, the town of Lewis; which last mentioned 
six towns were so named after there were counties erected by the same names. 
And now there is the town of Monroe in the county of Orange, Hamilton and 
Sullivan in Madison, Livingston in Columbia, Franklin and Tompkins in De- 
laware, Putnam in Washington, Richmond and Seneca in Ontario, Greene in 
Chenango, Chenango in Broome, and Columbia and Warren in Herkimer. 

That such confusion of names is perplexing and troublesome not only to 
strangers and travellers in this state, but to its own citizens and inhabitants, I 
need not remark. 1 have heretofore noted these circumstances to members 
of the Legislature ; and, in one instance, I took the liberty, in the winter of 
1810, to propose to a member of the Assembly, that the town of Tioga, being 
in Broome county, and having within itself the village of Owego, (while on the 
opposite side of the creek and in the county of Tioga lay the town of Owego,) 
should by law take the name of Owego, and give its name to the town then 
called Owego in Tioga county. But perhaps it was considered (as the sub- 
jects of this Manual will probably be by many) as too trivial and unimportant 
to occupy the attention of any one, much less that of the Legislature. But so 
will not think any one mortal who may, by the confusion of which I have 
been speaking, utterly lose the title of lands, the collection of a debt, the arrest 
of a run-away, goods sent by carriers, or information contained in letters or 
packets mis-sent or mis directed. In 1813, however, the Legislature" did alter 
. — — , 

* In my former edition I printed this latter name, Neiv- Hempstead, as it was in the original 
law erecting that town, though it was called Hempstead only, iii the Revised aws of 1801. 
I presumed there was a mistake in the laws of 1801, and so a member of the Legislature, of 
that year, has since informed me. He states, that it was passed and ordered to be engrossed 
" New-Hempstead ;" and so he supposed it had been, till he found it Hempstead only, after it 
had passed the Council of Revision. In the Revised Laws of 1813, it is called " Hampstead ;" 
and so I accordingly print it — taking care, as between this town and two others in Queens 
county, to be " right to" an e, if not " to a *." 



P INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 

the name of Owego to that of Tioga, and Tioga to Owego, leaving- the village 
of Owego in a town of its own name, and the town of Tioga in the county of 
Tioga. 

AND FIRST— 

This variety and confusion of names and situations renders it further neces- 
sary in the transaction of business to designate not only the State, but always 
the County, and sometimes (where a village is meant) even the , own, if the 
place in view be in the State of New- York.* And to ascertain all this, is im- 
possible to most people, without the help of a Directory or Manual of the 
kind I have prepared. This, therefore, was the first object of my original 
Tables ; and on inspecting them and considering the plan, I found I could em- 
brace a variety of other objects of equal convenience. Accordingly, I pro- 
ceeded to designate, by & particular mark, (as noted in the Explanation, page £,) 
the seat of the Courts in each County — the places where, there is any Post- 
Office — which are the places of the first notoriety or importance, in each county 
— the distance from the Seat of Government to most of the towns or villages — 
and the number of inhabitants in each county and town, &lc And I hope the 
convenience of the plan will not be found less than the use of the Tables : inas- 
much as it presents all these facts to the eye at one view, instead of leaving 
them to be looked for,one by one, through sundry pages ; and exhibits, as it were, 
a geographical skeleton of the State by Counties. 1 could devise no other plan 
■which would give so much information in three times as many pages ; nor could 
it in a different mode be obtained in thrice as much time. 

In addition to the above named objects, I concluded to add the boundaries of 
each county, which would show at once its relative situation and all the coun- 
ties to which it lies contiguous ; and to these I superadded the rivers, lakes, and 
streams — the bays and harbours — the mountains,&c.by which the. natural advan- 
tages of each county for commerce ; for navigation and other uses of water ; for 
air, climate, agriculture, &c. could the more easily be imagined. So that with 

* Names of Places. — Notwithstanding all the Legislature has done on the subject, the 
confusion and similarity of names increase ; and it is made still more embarrassing to the 
people by the Post Office Department at Washington. Among many instances, I will only 
mention, that the villages established by law in this State, by the names of " Binghamton" 
and " Esperance," are, by the P. M. General, called Chenango Point and Scoharie Bridge, 
And some of our loose and indefinite names, and names taken from neighbouring states or old 
and celebrated countries, (which my limits do not permit me to set forth at length) add greatly 
to the perplexity. We have Sardinia and Italy, Denmark and Norway, and even Russia 
and China, all in this state. We have candour, summit, hope, harmony, and other abstract 
terms converted into names of tow?is ; and may yet have fairness, base, love, and melody 
•equally ■perverted. We have a pair of Baths, Mancliesters, Romes, Auroras, Johnstowns, &c. 
and the names of " Hamilton, Washington," and " Union Village" are spread over the state 
as " plenty as blackberries." Yet it is as easy to form a new name -as to find an oid one not 
already in use among us; as any one may see, who will observe the different names of places 
in this state formed with the single word IVest — at least eleven already. And the great incon- 
venience daily occasioned by the present situation of the state in this respect, has induced 
many to hope and believe that the Legislature will yet attempt a reform. A gentleman had 
a letter addressed to him at Croton in the town of Courtlandt in West Chester county, called 
in the Post Office books Courtlandt Town : it did not reach him, and was supposed to be lost 
or purloined — and the important information did not arrive in time to be of any use. 
Three months afterwards it arrived from " the drooping West," where it had been sent on a 
pilgrimage, (not to Mecca, but to JVomachy, or the war of names,) because there is a village 
called Courtlandt village in Courtlandt county ! 

There ought to be no town or village in any one county by the same or a similar name 
with another county, town, village, or place. Would not the inhabitants of the several places 
bearing the same name, if the Legislature should recommend it to their consideration, mu- 
tually arrange this matter, and all, but one place, take other names? In the last law incorpo- 
rating the village lately called Union Village in Rensselaer county, that name is properly dis- 
carded, and "Nassau" substituted in its place ; though, as this is the name of the whole 
territory of the town of Nassau, it would be better to have assumed an entirely different or 
new name, as the inhabitants of" Hamilton," in the town of Madrid, have more wisely done, 
by discarding the name of Hamilton, and substituting Waddington therefor. A thorough re- 
form on this point throughout the state would be alike useful and important to our own citi- 
zens, and those of other states and countries who have friends or business in this. 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 

the use of a page or half page, any person can, in a few minutes, obtain a con- 
siderably minute knowledge of the geographical situation, topography, and civil 
divisions and settlements of any county ; and in a day or two, of the whole 
state. 

Whether ever so great and well digested a collection of such minute, perhaps 
trifling knowledge, could deserve to be published even in a small book, some 
persons may probably question. Certainly any one single fact in this Manual 
— as the exact situation of a certain place — whether there be a post-office in any 
particular town or place — where the Courts in this or that county are held — 
whether there be legally any such toivn as the one in question, or whether it 
be only a village or other place with a distinct acquired name, &c. — seems a 
very simple thing and a trivial inquiry. But, although there is scarcely a citi- 
zen who will not want, twenty times a year, to ascertain some one of these facts, 
which may be of considerable consequence at the time, yet he will seldom be 
able to do so till such knowledge has ceased to be to him important. And it 
is not unfrequenlly the case that these kinds of compilations (to make which is 
the business of " every body and nobody," and therefore seldom undertaken) 
prove of more real publick service and utility than many other works which it 
might be both pleasant and reputable to compose. 

Yet I hesitate not to risk this publication, because I deem statistical and to- 
pographical accounts of any portion of a country of no inconsiderable impor- 
tance, both in a historical and political point of view. And I have observed, 
with regret, the general apathy which prevails in our country on the subject of 
collecting and embodying/crcte and information of this nature, while visionary 
and speculative essays and writings, as well on statisticks and history, as on 
politicks, are sought for with so much avidity. 

The advantages which the political and literary world derives from such 
works as those of Sir John Sinclair, will be acknowledged by the statesman 
and historian at least. And the Tables of Mr. Blodget, and Mr. Coxe's " View" 
of the U. S. although not either so full or minute as to give distinct views of 
particular states, deserve even yet more commendation than they have receiv- 
ed. [The excellent and more copious publications of Mr. Pitkin and Dr. Sey- 
bert on the statisticks of the United States, have appeared since the above re- 
marks were first published, and are valued in a degree somewhat nearer their 
great use and merits than such works formerly were. Their details, however, 
relate chiefly to commerce and revenue.]* 

* In preparing my first edition, in 1811, I had added some illustrations of the great import- 
ance of works more full and particular, like Sir John Sinclair's, in stating the ability and 
means of each state, county, town, and settlement, to furnish not only subjects of commerce and 
materials for manufactures, but arms and munitions of war, and the subsistence of armies : — 
And, ] had asked, in case war should ever be the lot of the United States, of what immense 
advantage would it not be to the War Department, and especially in the calculations and 
contracts of Purveyors and Commissaries, to have before it, as well, tables and statements 
of the number, quality, and amount of the horses and other cattle, and of all kinds of manufac- 
tures and natural and agricultural productions (for any given year or years) in any and every 
portion of our country where it might be necessary to clothe, equip, or subsist) armies — as of 
the local situation, state ol the roads, and channels of transportation, and relative dis- 
tances of places, to or through which it might become necessary or convenient to di- 
rect their march ? (a) But fearing it might be deemed an impertinent digression, or 
swell the work beyond my prescribed limits, I struck it oul of the copy. Yet, ere 
one year had elapsed, war was declared, and 1 received a Circular from the U. S. Pur- 
veyor of Public Supplies, requesting minute information relative to many of these and 
some other particulars in this state. It was not then possible for any individual, or publick 
body, or officer, (nor would it be even now,) very fully or satisfactorily to comply. In 
common with others, what facts I possessed or could collect, I imparted. But it is now known 
to the world how deficient was our knowledge and policy in this behalf, and how expensively 
and lamely our prosecution of the war hobbled on through 1812 and 13. The disasters of 
that period should teach us hereafter to have the knowledge of our means and strength, and 
where and in what proportion they are to be looked for, plainly before us. It would by no 
means be just to lay all our losses and failures in the early part of that war, to the account 

(a) Early in the last war, an order was sent from some of the Departments, directing a lake vessel 
to proceed to a foundery in Onandaga Hollow, there to load with cannon shot and shells, and then to 
proceed to Rome in Oneida county, and there discharge said cargo ! ! 



ti INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 

But such a mass of information as the works of Coxe, Blodget, and others, 
Were designed to give, I have not attempted to embody in these few pages — it 
Would have destroyed my two-fold secondary object, brevity and cheapness. 
Few of the thousand little particulars of the date of the settlement of places, 

of incompetent rulers and generals of that day, or to some dissatisfaction among the -people 
and a partial want of concert or union of views in our councils. The complete success of our 
little navy bears strong testimony to the great advantage of knowing how and where all 
supplies are to be procured, and whither exertions can most effectually be directed. If the 
course of ships is naturally easier than the march of armies, so much the more is it requisite 
to know the exact situation of every part of the territory: and, our country was as capable of 
supplying sufficient armies as the navy, had provident measures been as early adopted for the 
land as for the sea service. 

The event having made me regret that I struck these considerations from my first edition, 
it behoves me to consider the propriety of restoring them in this : and when, on recurrence to 
letters I received since that period from sundry publick agents, 1 find the plan I was then 
about to suggest supported by the judgment of those who were then in a fair situation to appre- 
ciate the utility of it, (and approved in express and decisive terms by the Purveyor of Publick 
Supplies,) 1 hope I may be excused for saying, that it could not but conduce to great national 
convenience, to establish, at the seat of Government, a Publick Ojfice ibr the collection, deposit, 
and digestion, in order and form, of all such information as is alluded to in the foregoing ob- 
servations. Except tor the constitutional necessity of equalizing the representation in Con- 
gress, it is all quite as important as a return of the number of inhabitants in the Union. And, 
although it might be done in some sort in the offices of one of the heads of the Departments, yet 
it would be vastly better attended to, and more complete and useful, if committed to a separate 
officer, whose special duty it should be to have all uch materials well arranged, properly classed, 
and intelligibly digested. For this purpose a separate and distinct office, or a branch of one of 
the Departments, seems quite as proper and necessary as a Patent Office. The returns and de- 
tails in relation to a part of these subjects, which some of the individual states are preparing, 
are not in the power of the national government: and if they were, (and they will probably 
be made publick, or transcripts obtained,) still similar inlbrmation from the neio states and ter- 
ritories is yet more important, as occasions for having recourse to it much oftener occur in 
those parts of the Union than elsewhere. The enormous expenses of the recent expedition 
to the Council Bluffs, and the sufferings of some of the troops at that post for want of good 
supplies, are sufficient to confirm this remark. And when the extension of our territory to 
Cape Florida and across the rocky mountains to the Pacifick Ocean, our occupation of the 
mouth of Columbia river, and the difficulties we may possibly have with other nations in 
that quarter, are duly considered — the idea of making provision for obtaining the most 
particular topographical and statistical knowledge of the whole of our country, which our 
situation and circumstances will admit, and for a suitable office and competent officers to 
digest and preserve it, is strongly fortified by the past experience of this and all older nations. 
Similar views, no doubt, as well as the extension and protection of our frontier settlements 
and the Indian trade, entered into the policy of government in undertaking expeditions for 
exploring sundry rivers and portions of the country west of the Mississippi and around the 
Great Lakes. And, as such a mass of matter as these expeditions, and future surveys, cen- 
suses, travels, &tc. must necessarily form, might, I should conceive, be more than it is conve- 
nient or consistent with other important duties oi the Secretary of VVar or of State ; an office, 
of the kind, here humbly suggested, would give greater value to the facts collected, by 
bringing them together at a single point and in a clear and digested form, for the use and 
easy inspection of every branch and officer of government and their agents, and others whose 
interests or curiosity might render such information either necessary or desirable. At the 
same time it would not less subserve the purposes of geography and the cause of American 
education and learning generally, than that of internal commerce, natural history, and na- 
tional policy and improvement — inasmuch as very interesting and valuable publications 
might, under publick authority or permission, be occasionally issued from such a magazine of 
materials. The travels of Pike, Lewis and Clarke, and Schoolcraft, have been of much 
service, although embracing too much territory to be full or minute on many points. One 
would suppose we have already experienced inconveniences and losses enough, from calcu- 
lations, projects, and expeditions founded, or in some measure proceeding, on loose or exag- 
?erated accounts, vague information, or mere conjecture. A reliance in all publick measures 
as well as in foreign commerce and revenue) on nothing but actual returns, minute and exact 
details, and specif ck facts, which such an establishment would soon place within the reach of 
the government, would be found, in the result, as good policy as it is true economy. 

Tne well remembered exhortation of the immortal Washington — to preserve peace, be pre- 
pared for war — a principle of policy so eloquently enforced by the amiable Fenelon in the 
14th book of Telemachus (a) — is not more salutary or economical in reference to the preser- 
vation of peace than of independence and national prosperity. To prevent the necessity of 
relying on other nations for revenue or employment, learn to employ yourselves, and that 

(a )— Car le vrai moyen d'eloigner la guerre et de conserver unc longue pais, e'est de cultiver Ies 
arnres, &c, 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS — :GOVERNMENT. 9 

the number of houses, character and occupations of the inhabitants, soil and 
productions, face of the country, seasons, prospects, publick buildings, schools, 
roads, bridges, curiosities, local commerce, manufactures, agriculture, flocks 
and herds, wealth, fee. could come within the small compass of my plan. The 
publications of the New-York Historical Society have afforded considerable in- 
formation on the topographical and statistical history of some parts of the state. 
But the anticipations of Dr. Miller, expressed twenty years ago in his Retro- 
spect of the 18th century, were not in any degree realized, till the appearance 
of Mr. Spafford's Gazetteer of this state, in 1813 ; which, though not the most 
judicious in its arrangement, nor very clear and happy in its style, gave the pub- 
lick a great and valuable collection of the various particulars above mentioned. 
A new and improved edition of this useful work is in preparation, which, with 
the advantage of the Returns of a new State Census of various household manu- 
factures, and of horses, sheep, and cattle, as well as of the Electors, (now near- 
ly completed,) will doubtless give a very minute and full view of the situation, 
wealth, and improvements of the State of New-York — indisputably the most 
interesting portion of the Union. 

SECONDLY. 

To pursue the more immediate purpose of these remarks, I ought perhaps 
to state some reasons which have governed me in the further arrangement and 
execution of my plan. And — 

1. The division into Counties was not less natural than convenient. The 
people are represented by counties in the lower branch of the Legislature,* and 

employment will soon produce ample means to pay for its encouragement and protection. 
Or, in other words, to prevent the surprise and embarrassment of a total failure of revenue 
from abroad, live as if that revenue had already ceased. If revenue constitute " the sinews 
of war," what sort of preparation is it, which leaves those sinews to be cut off by the very de- 
claration of war itself? 

But to know when and by what degrees such a sound policy am, with propriety, be intro- 
duced, a precise knowledge of the amount of consumption and supply of all articles of neces- 
sity, convenience, or ornament, required in a country ; and also of the actual amount produced 
in it, as well as what it could produce if sufficiently encouraged ; is absolutely requisite in 
all rational plans of policy or finance. And if all such necessary details of the present re- 
sources, skill, and ability of this country to sustain itself in all things, were collected in one 
view, statesmen would no longer doubt, that a system of national policy and revenue might 
be commenced, which, at no distant day, would render us truly independent of the rest of the 
world — and leave our councils unshackled by the awkward necessity of putting all statements 
of our financial affairs in a holy-day dress ; or by the political dread of asking a small additional 
contribution from ovrselves to makeup deficiencies, which are the natural consequences of our 
own improvidence. (c) Our resort, then, to foreign countries would be voluntary in the go- 
vernment as well as individuals ; and at such times and places, and for such things only, as 
profit, convenience, taste, or pleasure should dictate. 

(c) When the Debt of the U. S. which was but #20,570,027 in 2811-12, has run up to #93,423,005 at 
the close of 1821, and we have lo borrow millions annually to support the government, is it not time to 
think of some way of escaping the British " Blessing" of a publick debt and inability to pay even the 
interest of it without borrowing? I love not to dwell on gloomy prospects : but let those reflect with 
complacency on the present state and course of our finances, who can— non ego. 

" Government. — This does not fall strictly within the first objects of this work ; yet it 
may be useful to observe, that the Legislature consists of a Senate and Assembly. The Jls- 
uemblii now consists of 126 members annually elected, as stated further on in the Table of 
Population ; but, by the Amended Constitution, after this year it will consist of 128 members. 
The Senate is composed of 32 members, four from each of the following 8 districts, into which 
the state is divided. After the first election, one from each district, is to be elected annual- 
ly, viz. 

' 1st District— The counties of Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Richmond, and New-York; 162,758 
inhabitants. 

2d_West-Chester, Putnam, Dutchess, Orange, Rockland, Ulster, and Sullivan ; 169,907 
inhabitants. 

3d— Greene, Columbia, Albany, Rensselaer, Schoharie, and Schenectady ; 168,584 inha- 
bitants. 

4tk— Saratoga, Montgomery, Hamilton, Washington, Warren, Clinton, Essex, Frankljnj 
and St. Lawrence ; 163,350 inhabitants. 

Sih— Herkimer, Oneida, Madison. Oswego, Lc\vis ; and Jefferson ; 165 ; 352 inhabitants, 



10 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS NAMES, Uc. 

not by Towns, as in New-England — most of the publick concerns, which do not 
come within the general and immediate province of the Legislature, are con- 
ducted by the Counties as separate communities — each County has a separate 
civil commission and list of publick officers — and therefore each County may 
(in a comparative sense) be considered as an independent and distinct depart- 
ment. Accordingly this is the division and distinction most commonly used 
in speaking of the different parts of the State. 

2. The first sub-division is into Toiv?is, including the Cities, which for most 
general purposes, are considered in the same class :* These towns are from 
2 or S to 6, 8, 10, or 15 miles square, or more, as the circumstances and settle- 
ment of their territory may render most proper ; and they frequently embrace 
villages and other places which have, in common and constant use, different and 
distinct names. And the number of such places is increasing. Some spot 
favourable for manufactures, or for the transaction of mercantile or other busi- 
ness, suddenly becomes populous ; and, if remote from an earlier settled or 

6th — Delaware, Otsego, Chenango, Broome, Courtlandt, Tompkins, arid Tioga ; 169,18G 
inhabitants. 

1th — Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Ontario; 163,505 inhabitants. 

'.Uh — Steuben, Livingston, Monroe, Genesee, Niagara, Erie, Allegany, Cattaraugus, and 
Chautauque ; 155,000 inhabitants. 

The Governor and Lt. Governor are to be elected biennially by the people at large. 
The latter is presiding; officer of the Senate. 

Judicial Power. This is vested in — 1, The court for the trial of Impeachments, and the 
Correction of Errors, composed of the Senate, Chancellor, and Judges of the Supreme Court — 
2, The Court of Chancery — 3, The Supreme Court, now 5, but hereafter to be only 3 Judges 
—4, Circuit Courts, not less than 4 nor more than 8, fo be established by the Legislature — 
5, Courts of Common Pleas, and General Sessions of the Peace in each county — 6, Mayor's 
Courts in Albany, Troy, and Hudson — 7, A Marine Court ; n New- York — 8, Justices' Courts 
— and 9, The Court of Probates (1 Judge) at the seat of Government, and a Surrogate in 
each county. 

Members of Congress. As new districts are to be made before a new election, it would be 
useless to set forth the present districts. The State will send 34 Representatives. 

* I have printed the names of towns and other places as 1 deemed most correct after con- 
siderable examination and study. Courtlandt and Guilderlandt should no more be spelled 
Cortland and Gilderland, than Sehaghticoke should be Skaltecook, or Hamilton Hamilton 
— although some persons choose to pronounce the latter as if written thus. Kortlandt was 
probably the original spelling ; but, if the French Court have usurped the place of the Dutch 
Kort in the first syllable, that seems no good reason why we should retain the C and omit 
the U, or murder the last syllable altogether. It should be Courtlandt or Kortlandt, or else 
Shortland at once in plain English. Neither should French printing or pronunciation, nor 
English rapidity of sound, cause us to write Canandarq for Canandaigua, or Chetoque and 
Chetok for Chautauque, or to say Cocknewogger and Shinnecock, instead of Caughnawaga 
and Shinneeaugh — merely because Chateaugay was a French settlement, and properly called 
Shattogai, or because we have turned Daughstadah and Saughquada, Sahdequada, or Saugh- 
quoit (Indian names) into Dockstedder orDoxtedderand Sockwoit. Overslaugh might as well 
be written Overslctw and pronounced Overslok. The spelling of Oghqttctgo is believed also to 
be the most correct at this day. For although Lay's Map calls it Coo£quago, and Spafford 
and Eddy write Oquago ; yet I think the Indian oharacteristicksg/t should no more be wholly 
omitted (as they vary not the pronunciation) than the regiment of letters we find in some au- 
thors should be retained. Judge Marshall writes Aiioqiiaqua, Gen. Washington, Onongua- 
gua, (a little confounded with Onondaga,) and others Oimnquago. Mr. Jefferson calls the 
Tribe which gave it a name " Aughquaghas,' preserving the characteristicks gh throughout, 
with the French Au tor O. The place, it would seem, should be called Oghquagho, or 
" Oghquago," as 1 have printed it. But Mr. Allen, in his American Biog. Diet, speaks of 
'' Onohoghgwage, or as it is sometimes written, Oughquaugha, on the Susquehannah river." 
Mr. Jefferson also calls what (by a French Ch and the omission of some letters) we have 
reduced to Chenango, " Vtsanango." And " Cashington" on one map, and " Kushjchtun" on 
another, is what is notv more correctly written Cocliecton. 

Some persons frequently make mistakes by adding the syllable Neiv to such towns as Dur- 
ham, Canaan, Marlborough, &c. — also by improperly adding the syllable town, as Phelps- 
town, Catherinesiown, Lyonstown, &c which are " Phelps" " Catherines," and " Lyons," 
only : Some again omit it improperly, as Philips, Elizabeth, Orange, &ic. instead of Philips- 
town, Ehzabethtown, Orangetown, &c. as they should be written. Mr. Spafford thinks the 
town should always be omitted ; but when the law of the land has fixed the name, whether 
' Beekman" or " Beekmantown" pleases us best, I think it should "be " so set down," as it 
may be necessary to adopt each name lor different places, as is now the case with Beekman 
and others. 



CIVIL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION. 11 

more noted part of the same town, requires a separate name, as much as if an 
imaginary line sundered it from the territory of the town. And if it did not 
require or deserve a distinct name, still so long as it has one in common and gen- 
eral use, and is by such name distinguished from other places, it is as necessary 
to know what and where such place is, as if it were formally named by law. 
And therefore where a town of large extent has in it a village of the same name 
with itself, as Johnstown, it is some times essential (and always safest) to de- 
signate the village of the same name, it' that be the place intended ; as otherwise 
the person or thing might be supposed to be. in the village of Caughnawaga, 
or in some farming or other part of the town, some miles distant from either. 

S. Hence the second sub-division into "villages, &ic." which in one column 
includes all the villages and other places and posts which have acquired a dis- 
tinct name. All these places are set directly against the town in which they 
are situated ; and I have distinguished all those places which have from 15 to 
20 houses compactly situated, as villages, further designating such of those vil- 
lages as are incorporated as bodies politick. In making these distinctions I 
may and most probably have omitted to designate some places in the newer 
counties as villages which are considerable enough to deserve that name ; but 
these omissions can be but few. And of other places still fewer, I believe, that 
deserve to be mentioned, are omitted. On the other hand, there may be a few 
names put down, which some may perhaps think should have been discarded. 
But all places that may be named, or spoken of, or referred to, in the publica- 
tions of the day or in publick proceedings,* should be located in their proper 
town or corporation — more especially, if in or near cities and towns of great 
notoriety and resort. On this account 1 have put down the islands and other 
places in and near New-York, Long-Island, the Highlands, Niagara Falls, &c. 
And history has rendered it important to designate the local situation of for- 
tresses and other military posts which have at any time been established in the 
State. 

On the whole, I cannot but have some hope that this Manual will answer 
most of the purposes proposed. And as one object was to exhibit the improve- 
ments and increasing strength, resources, and importance of the state more ful- 
ly than it has heretofore been done in so brief a sketch, the following facts, es- 
timates, and vie<vs are added. 

CIVIL DIVISIONS AND POPULATION. 

In 1731 this State contained 10 Counties and only 50,291 souls — in 1771 
same Counties and 163,338 souls — in 1786, 12 Counties and 238,896 souls— 
1791, sixteen Counties and 340,120 souls — and in 1800, thirty Counties, 305 
towns (including 3 cities) and 586,000 inhabitants. In 1811 the State contained 
about 300 villages, of from 15 or 20, but generally from 30 or 40, to 600 houses; 
452 towns (including 4 cities ;)45 Counties; and (in 1810) 959,049 inhabitants ; 
giving an increase of 15 Counties, 147 towns, and S74,000 people in the pre- 
ceding ten years ! 

In 1821 there were 615 similar villages ; 613 towns including the 5 cities ; 5S 
counties ; and (in 1820,) 1,372,812 inhabitants — giving an increase from 1810 
to 1820, of 315 villages, 161 towns, 8 counties, and 413,763 inhabitants !f The 
number of free persons of colour is 29,273. 

*In the original settlement of the State, various Patents, Purchases, Manors, and Tracts 
were surveyed into townships, which were in most instances marked and numbered in Ranges, 
Allotments, &c. Some of these, however, were designated by names ; and those not yet 
much inhabited retain such names, particularly in the " Old Military Tract," in Essex, 
Franklin, Clinton, and St. Lawrence counties. These townships or small tracts of land are 
all included within the limits, and are part of some of the incorporated towns named in the 
Tables of those counties. 

t Cities and Villages. — Albany is the Seat of Government; and the principal places in 
the state, with their population, in 1820, are the following, viz. 



12 



MILITIA AND MUNITIONS OF WAK. 



Slaves.— In 1771 there were 19,883 — 18,908 in 1786 21,324 in 1790— 

20,613 in 1800— 15,018 in 1810— and only 10,088 in 1820. After 1827 Slavery 
in this State ceases for ever by law. ' ^ 

Excess ofmales.-ln 1790 there were 1 1,638 more males than females in the 
State ; and 24,067 more m 1820 ; when there were 174,254 more males in the 
whole Union, than females. [In Ohio 24,817 excess of males— in Vermont *53 
difference, and that the other way ; while the excess of females in Connecticut 
is 5,567, and in Massachusetts 12,230.] 

Employment— The number of persons employed in this State, in commerce 
is 9,113; in manufactures (30,033 ; and in agriculture 247,618— foreigners not 
naturalized 15,101* ° 

1 n??o C JT a, T B . y . theretu , rns of the State Ce "sus of 1 821, it appears that there are 
100,490 freeholders to the amount of #450 and upwards— 8,985 do. to S50 and 
do.— 93,035 male persons not owning freeholds but renting tenements to the 
yearly value of #5, and upwards— and 56,877 do. not owning freeholds nor 

S^Lq^T 6 "?;, ^ Ut Paying \ aXe \ doin S militia dut y> or exempted, &c. 
lotal 259,387 entitled to vote under the amended Constitution, if qualified by 
sufficient residence. - J 

MILITIA and MUNITIONS of WAR. 

1 in VT ?* miHtia ° f the State re S ular, y enrolled amounted to 1 02,068. In 
1820, Infantry 111,749, Artilllery 7145, Light do. 800, Cavalry 1,142, and 2 
thTaVtilW^ „ iW " Cd ' su PP° sed 4;°00-in all 124,836. But the returns from 

wardf of 3 0oo> "T^' and froD J the CaVal T stU1 moie so - In ^ "P" 
of 3,000 cavalry were returned. The whole number enrolled in 1820 
was probably about 130,000-genera% well equipped. eni011ea,n 1820 

Arsenals, &c. These are established at New- York Alhanv RnmP Pl^tc 

Ordnance, 125 brass and 129 iron pieces— 254 in all • a m™^-., . a 
vettes, 21,790 cannon-shot; 545 shells ; 1,008 rounl' of SSioTXS 
do. strap do. 7 caissons ; 21 tumbrils, &c. «mmster snot, 89* 

^»iw,fec.-S0,47S muskets ; 29,372 bayonets ; 29,122 ramrods ; 588 rifles ■ 
222 pr. horseman's pistols ; 639 swords and cutlasses ; 19,964 cart id " e boxes 
and belts; 17,089 bayonet belts; 16,881 do. scabbards; 6 ke-s flints 680 

S S «V 74 \ C i l { Dp , kettleS ; 5 ' 895 kn "P*«*« ; 58 bass drum ; msna e dmms 
203 fifes; 33 bugles; 199 stands of colours :&c. ' 



New York 

Albany 

Troy 

Brooklyn, with the 

Navy Yard, 
Schenectady . 
Poughkeepsie 
Utica 



123,706 
12,630 
5,260 

5,210 

3,949 
3,401 
2,915 



Hudson . 
Neuburgh 
Canandaigua . 
Auburn . 
Lansingburgh . 
Rochesterville . 
Sackett's Harbour ) ' 
besides A. &. N 'y ) ' 



2,900 
2,877 
2,100 
2,024 
1,700 
1,502 

337 



Cattskill 
Geneva . 
Kingston . 
Buffalo . 
Ogdensburgh 
Waterford 
Ithaca 
Cooperstown 



1,443 

1,357 

1,1C3 

1,100 

959 

950 

859 

783 




N^KSffi » 18M» -as 9,637,999, of which 

7,861,710, of which Npw v£l , efee uh "f Papulation of the U. S. and T. was 
72,397-N. York^?-S^Ki^ *»«* P™ -Engaged in comroerce 
lures 349,247-N, York more tlfan 1 6 h _ in r ~ Y ° rk " early . 1 - 5th : - ,n manufac- 
mm than l-4th. * bth ~ and for e>£ners not naturalized 53,655-N. York 



MANUFACTURES. 1^> 

Ammunition, &C.—378 bbls. of powder ; 38 half do. do. 516 quarter casks do. 
352 boxes of catridges for muskets; 35 kegs do. for do. 26 boxes pistol cartridge— 
46,000 musket cartridges ; &u\ Besides a great variety and quantity of other ne- 
cessary equipments, tools, and implements of war suitable for the above— gun 
carriages, travelling forges. &c. &e. Many cannon, arms, and equipments 
have been furnished to the militia : besidts which, considerable military stores 
are due this State from the U. S. by the settlement of 1818. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The U. S. Census of 1810 furnished data for the following statement for 
this State— Looms 33,068 ; yds. cloth (all kinds) 9,099,703— value §5,002, 891: 
82. Tan Works 867 ; val. of leather $1,299,542 : 16. Distilleries 591 ; value 
§1,685,794 : 40. Breweries 42 ; val. §340,765 : 68. Fulling Mills 427 ; enhanc- 
ed val. of cloth §679,126 : 87. Paper Mills 28 ; val. §233,268 : 00. Hat Manu- 
factories 121 ; val. §249,035 : 00. Glass Works 6; val. (besides bottles he.) 
§716,800 : 00. Powder Mills 2 . val. 10,400 : 00. Rope Walks 18 ; val. §538, 
000 : 00. Sugar Houses 10 ; val. §420,706 : 00. Oil Mills 28 ; val. §49,283 : 
75. Blast furnaces 11 ; val. §205,300 : 00. Air Do. 10 ; val. §156,720 : 00. 
Cut Nail Manufactories 44 ; val. §276,932 : 80. Forges 48 ; val. §185,240 : 00. 
Trip Hammers 49; val. (return of work from 2 of them only) §1,600 : 00. 
Rolling and Slitting Mills 1 ; val. §33,120 : 00. Total value— §12,085,525 : 62. 
Also, 413 Carding Machines — value included in cloth above ; and 26 Cotton 
Manufactories, not included above, the cloth there mentioned being the manu- 
facture of families only. These returns were (in most of the counties) believed 
to be much short of the real amount ; and the tow cloth was wholly omitted in 
all but two counties. Instead of one, there were several Rolling and Slitting 
Mills ; and the nail, hat, paper, and rope manufactories, furnaces, &c. exceeded 
the number returned as above. No woollen manufactories were returned, 
though there were some in operation ; and as many new manufactories were 
begun, and more contemplated, it was not doubted but the annual amount of 
our manufactures, 1811 and 1812, exceeded 16,000,000 per annum— probably 
it was near 20 millions* The returns of the U. S. Census for 1820, are not 
yet in a situation to enable me to state the result in this State, or make a com- 
parison with the above. The same may be said of the census just taken by or- 
der of the State government, but not yet fully returned. From partial returns 
of the State Census, I do not find that any account of the cloth or other articles 
made in the numerous incorporated or other manufactories has been taken. 
It will therefore be difficult if not impossible, for some time at least, to estimate 
with precision the present amount of our manufactures. 

Manufacturing Companies and Capital. — Before the general act of 1811 (as 
it is called) thereliad been incorporated 47 Companies with upwards of 9 mil- 
lions capital, besides 19 others, the amount of whose capital I cannot ascertain. 
Some few of the 47 no longer exist, and some of the 19 may not have gone in- 
to operation — but the capital of the whole exceeds 11 millions. Under the 
general act, 129 companies with §7,742,500 capital had been established in 
June 1818, since which time about 35 more, with about §2,257,500 capital have 
been founded: — making in the whole State about 230 companies with 21 millions 
capital, of which a considerable part may not have been paid in. Besides these, 
there are many large manufacturing establishments founded and carried on by 
individual enterprise. And the convenience with which cloths can be obtain- 

* T. Coxe, Esq. estimated the total vttlue in 1810 (and it is said from the Marshal's re- 
, turns) at over 25 millions — Mr. Spaflfbrd, in 1811, sets it at 30 — and Dr. Morse says by the 
Marshal's returns for 1812, it was over 33. I must think them all too high ; and I never be- 
fore heard of the data of the last estimate. But much depends on what is included in the term 
manufactures. If all we eat, drink, wear, and use as utensils on farms, in trades, or other- 
wise — if all raw cotton which we do not produce in the state — [and why not add flour, ships, 
and carriages, which we do produce and manufacture ?] — were taken into the account, we 
might say 50 or 60 millions annually at that, period. Some have included carded wool, and 
then added the whole valueof the cloth made of it ; and all accounts include linseed oil — might 
not cider, bricks, butter, pies, soap, sausages, news-papers, &c just as well be included? 



14 MANUFACTURES SALT, &c, 

ed for raw materials from these manufactories, as well as their excellent qua- 
lities, has very naturally interrupted, in some degree, the progress of similar 
kinds of 

Manufactures in families. — Calculating hy a return from Ontario county, and 
from four towns in different parts of the State, {one of these including the city 
of Hudson,) and averaging the results among the whole population of the State, 
exclusive of the city of New- York, I find, according to such an average of the 
returns, that the total number of yards of cloth, manufactured in families, does 
not probably much exceed thut of 1810 ; but the proportion of fulled and other 
woollen cloth is greater, and the quality improved and value much enhanced. 
It has become more fashionable and cheaper to dress in the fabricks of our 
rapidly increasing manufactories. And our manufactures of iron, paper, hats, 
leather, nails, hollow-ware, and many other necessary and valuable articles, as 
well as our breweries, furnaces, and all kinds of mills and machinery, have 
greatly increased — in most counties doubled or trebled, and in some more than 
quadrupled. Still greater increase has taken place in the manufactures of all 
the finer kinds of hard-ware — in silk and other fine goods — in carpets, hosiery, 
all kinds of lace and trimmings, he. So that, including the productions of our 
manufactories of all kinds, the present annual value of our manufactures proba- 
bly exceeds 40 millions of dollars. 

[[EFAfter the above was committed to the press, I received a Summary of the 
late State Census for 1821 ; and I here add the residts of the Actual Return, as it 
was too late to substitute them for the foregoing matter. By these, not only 
the facts will be now ascertained, but by comparing them with the above, the 
degree of accuracy or fairness in my calculations may be judged of. 

Fulled Cloth manufactured, during the year 1820, in families, 1,958,712 
yards — Flannel and other woollen cloth, not fulled, 2,451,107 do. — Linen, cot- 
ton, and other woollen cloth 5,635,985— Total, of all kinds, 10,045,804 yards, 
family manufacture — being over 7 and l-4th yds. to each person. 

Number of Iron Works, 107 — Oil mills 189 — Trip hammers 172 — Cotton 
and woollen manufactories 184 — Fulling mills 991 — Distilleries 1,057 — Man- 
ufactories of pot and pearl Ashes 1,226 — Carding machines 1,233 — Gristmills 
2,132— Saw mills 4,304.] 

In this estimate I take no account of Ashes, Flour, Sugar, or 

SALT. 

Of this last article there were made in Onondaga (now town of Salina) in 
1810 about 453,840 bushels, (though in 1800 only 42,754,) and in Cayuga, Sen- 
eca, Ontario, and Genesee, about 71,160 bushels — in all about 525,000 — value 
at the works #147,000 

In 1820 there were made in the town of Salina 554,776 bushels. From the 
Springs in that town three millions of bushels at least could be made annually, 
if the demand justified it, yielding the State a yearly revenue of #375,000. I 
have no returns or estimate of the quantity made in Cayuga, Seneca, and other 
counties. The net revenue to the State on Salt made in the Western district,* 
in 1820, was #67,038.67. 

LANDS and PRODUCTS. 

I have never had sufficient data to calculate the quantity of ashes, maple- 
sugar,f flour,| butter, cheese, &-c. made, or the grain, flax, wool, cattle, sheep, 

* The State was divided heretofore into four Senatorial Districts — the Western was the 
largest, and till within a few years included Herkimer and all the counties west of it. Eight 
districts are now established as mentioned before, and the former names superseded. 

+ In two towns in Ontario County (viz. Seneca and Phelps) 169,983 lbs. of maple sugar 
were made in 1821— probably 12 to 15,000,000 in the State. 

\ In 11 months of 1813 and 14, there were inspected, in the port of JVeiv York, 389,617 
Bbls. wheat fiour, 38,736 do. rve do. 18.000 do. hid. meal, and 252 do. buck-wheat do. = 
446.5Q5 Bbls. all kinds. 



LANDS AND PRODUCTS. 15 

horses, swine, beef, pork, poultry, vegetables, the various kinds of fruit, &c. 
raised annually in the State, so as to make any tolerable correct valuation of 
our products, lands, and property. 

Judging from partial returns, and comparing these with our population (ex- 
clusive of the city of New-Fork,) I calculated that the whole Slate, in 1811, 
contained about 300,000 horses, 1,000,000 neat cattle, and 1,280,000 sheep. The 
two former, especially the first, were probably much over-cakulated. The 
present number (in 1821) calculated by the returns from Ontario and four towns 
in different parts of the State, as the quantity of cloth above is calculated, (ex- 
clusive of the city of New- York,) is probably about 320,000 horses, 1,200 000 
neat cattle, and 2,500,000 sheep. 

[Under the same circumstances, and for the same reasons, as stated at the 
close of the preceding Article on "Manufactures," I here add the residue of the 
results derived from the State Census of 1821. 

Number of Acres of Ithpromd Land, occupied in the State, 5,717,494 — being 
something over four and a quarter acres to each person in the State. 

Number of neat Cattle 1,215,049 — nearly one to each person — Horses 
262,623 ; a little more than one to every five persons — Sheep 2,147,351 ; nearly 
two to each person.] 

The valuations of real and personal property, made by the assessors in the 
several counties in the State, were 314 million dollars for 1818 — 282 millions 
for 1819 — 256 millions for 1820— and but 242 millions for 1821* The valua- 
tion had been higher in earlier years, especially in 1812 — 13, when Mr. Spafford 
estimated the value of every species of property in the State, however "extrav- 
agant it might appear to some," at 500 millions. Considering the high prices 
of that period, and the circumstances mentioned below, the estimate, though 
probably too high, was not very extravagant. Since 1812 — 13 there have 
been a great accession of population and vast improvements in most kinds of 
property and accommodations for business, comfort, and convenience ; and 
nothing has left the State, except specie and stock in the funds. Yet, although 
those things which we call property are more abundant and of better quality 
in general than 8 or 10 years ago, and the amount of efficient labour and skill 
greatly increased, so that our senses do not permit us to doubt that the sum 
total of property is greatly augmented — the value of it is estimated by a large body 
of discreet men to be less than formerly, and less and less every accruing year. 
Is money, then, (and its representative, stock,) of no advantage in a country, or 
its removal from that country no disadvantage ? And, although the vaiue of 
things is relative ; and, among themselves and in relation to one another, the 
total amount of their real worth, if measured or estimated by or in reference to 
the country alone in which they are, or to which they belong, and not by or in 
reference to any thing out of or beyond, or by any thing to be done out of or 
beyond that country — must always be the same ; and thus leave it immaterial, 
in a similar point of view, whether estimated at five dollars or 5000 millions : — 
yet, while any thing is to be done with or in any foreign country, is not the 
medium or means of doing it a desideratum with the country which is to do it ? 
And when that medium or the means either does not exist, or not in sufficient ex- 
tent, in such country, and the foreign country will not accept any thing the 
former has as a substitute — or only at so low a price as not to exceed the a- 
mount of the same medium which must be expended to furnish the substitute 
to such foreign country — must not a resort be had to other countries for that 
medium or the means, and thus the value or price of the former's property 
come at last to be measured or estimated by foreign countries ; or, the business 
or transaction in view be abandoned ? 

In the vear ending in Feb. 1819, were inspected in the same place, 328,399 Bbls. wheat 
flour, 91,226 do. rye do. 57,734 do. meal, and 1,486 buck wh. do. = 478,845 Bbls. alt kinds. 

* The U. S. valuation of the real property and slaves onhi in this State, in 1813, was over 
266 millions. 



16 LANDS AND FRODOCTS. 

Is not this, or something like this, the reason why we must pay our taxes in 
such medium (money,) and a good reason also for the Assessors' putting that 
estimate of value on our property, which they think it will bring in money? 
And must it not necessarily be so, as long as we. deal with any body or in any 
thing out of or beyond our own country ? And if we do not wholly shut our- 
selves out from the rest of the world — and I trust we never shall — and yet con- 
tinue to part with our money and stock to foreign countries for what we might, 
in most instances, produce with them at home ; or, if we still go abroad for ar- 
ticles, the manufacture of which would put in circulation here sums of money, 
now lying useless or at small interest for want of employment — must not the 
estimated value of our lands and products sink down year after year to half or 
a quarter what it now is, and till it will take a tenth, an eighth, or a fifth part 
of a farm and its improvements to pay their proportion of the yearly publick 
burdens ? For if scarcity of money or want of employment multiplies paupers 
and legal proceedings against criminals, the pub)ick*burdens are as much in- 
creased as by direct taxation. 

But these are questions for the professors of" Political Economy," who seem 
determined to deluge the world with as great a literary flood as erewhile de- 
scended from the clouds of religious controversy. Yet the stumbling block of 
money's value and use, and the " balance of trade and exchange" (the oppro- 
brium politicorum,) so often divide and confound them, it is feared but little 
more light, to discern " the right way," will be derived from their works than 
emanated from the voluminous polemicks in theology. But however they may 
resolve or ridicule these questions, I cannot doubt, that if the funds which have 
left this country since 1816 were returned, & our produce taken in lieu of them 
as formerly, the assessors' valuations would amount to nearly 400 millions, and 
every species of property in the State greatly exceed 500 millions in value. 

As matters now stand, however, we should consider, that the assessors gen- 
erally estimate property within the cash value ; and, also, that they cannot pos- 
sibly reach all that is taxable. 1. They probably include little or none of the 
property of the following Companies, Societies, &lc. viz. 20 for internal naviga- 
tion — sundry Libraries — do. Steam-boats — do. literary — do. dams, £&c. — do. 
bridges and turnpikes (12 millions) — over 100 relief, friendly, assistance, chari- 
table, religious, and bible societies — some masonick and other societies — the 
funds and property of the several incorporated cities and villages, and of the 
towns and counties — do. of colleges and academies, &c. — all holding more or 
less stock, capital, or estates. 2. They do not reach all the 21 millions of bank 
capital, and 8 millions Insurance capital. 3. Much of the 21 millions of man- 
ufacturing capital is exempt from taxation. And 4th — if to all this we add the 
property and funds of the State, all publick buildings, and other things not tax- 
ed, it will be obvious that the valuation of 1821 is no safe criterion of the total 
worth of property in the State. 

Of Products, not mentioned above, there are inexhaustible beds of Gypsum 
(or Plaster of Paris) along the line of the Erie Canal and on lakes and streams 
leading to it, which are already a source of considerable profit. Water-lime, a 
most valuable material recently discovered in great profusion in sundry coun- 
ties along the Erie Canal, will soon be an article of great use in constructing 
cellars, walls, and buildings, as, well as canals, inasmuch as it becomes equally 
hard and adhesive in water as in air, and impenetrable by the elements and ver- 
mine. Common lime, Slate of the first quality, and Iron-Ore of the best 
kind, are abundant. Bricks are made in every part of the State, and some 
quarries of good marble for buildings are worked. Coal is found in sundry 
places, from which good specimens have been produced. Lumber of most 
kinds and good quality is a source of great annual profit ; and the abundance and 
variety of Fish, as well in our lakes and rivers, as in our bays and harbours, yield 
considerable emolument to our citizens. 

Agricultural Societies have been formed in almost every county, the seve- 
ral Presidents of which (or delegates in their room) constitute a Board qfJigri- 
cidlure, for the promotion of agriculture and domestick manufactures infaw- 



ROADS, BRIDGES, BANKS, INSURANCE, &tc. 17 

tliee. To These Societies #15,000 had been paid by the State previous to Ja- 
nuary 1821. These arrangements, and the exertions of the Society for the Pro- 
motion of Useful Arts, are rapidly producing great improvements in the culti- 
vation of our lands, in manufactures, and in the quantity and quality of our 
products. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

In 1811 the provisions made for Roads and Bridges, besides the numerous 
roads and bridges authorized to be laid out, made, and built, at the risk of indi- 
viduals or expense of the counties, the state, or the lands benefited thereby — 
were S6 Bridge Companies with #509,000 stock, and 185 Turnpike Companies 
with #7,558,000 stock, extending their roads over a length of 4,500 miles, about 
one third of which was completed. At present the number of Bridge Companies 
{besides those above excepted, several corporations sole, and toll-bridges own- 
ed by individuals,) is 56, with about #850,000 stock ; and Turnpike Companies 
278, with about $11,000,000 stock, and their roads extending over about 6,000 
miles, of which probably two thirds or more are completed. Moreover, the 
grants heretofore made by the Legislature, for the construction of Roads and 
Bridges, amount to about #622,000. 

BANKS. 

In 1811 the Capital Stock of the several incorporated Banks was calculated 
at #11,690,000 ; though it was not known how much of it had actually been 
paid in — probably 10 millions. There are now in the State 39 incorporated 
Banks and Branches, besides the U. S. Branch Bank and three Savings Banks, 
which latter do not discount. The Charter of Mr. Jacob Barker's Exchange 
Bank has expired, and its business is suspended or abandoned. At the end of 
these Statistical remarks will be found a Bank-Table containing as many par- 
ticulars as I could put on a page. How much the Colleges and Academies 
have subscribed is unknown to me. Nor do I know how much has been 
paid in by individuals on the capital Stock. The State has sold out part of its 
stock, and now holds only #407,740. Laws have also been passed allowing 
nine of the Banks to reduce their stock — the Bank of America to two millions. 
The reduction allowed, in the nine, is #6,365,000. I know not to what extent 
there has been an actual reduction — probably #5,000,000 ; and as the amount 
authorized is #26,720,000, the present capital stock is twenty-one million — ex- 
clusive of the U. S. Branch Bank and the three Savings Banks. Total number 
of Banks and Branches 43. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Of these there are 16 in the city of New- York, and 24 in the whole State, 
with a Capital Stock of about eight millions of dollars in all — chiefly for Fire 
and Marine Insurance, though some of the Offices insure on lives, annuities, 
transportation, ships in harbours or docks, &lc. [Three or four of the earliest 
established Companies have closed their business, and are not included in the 
above statement.] 

COMMERCE AND SHIPPING. 

Foreign Commerce was nearly suspended during the late war, and the gene- 
ral peace in Europe, together with the consequent change in most of our com- 
mercial relations abroad, has prevented and probably will long, if not for ever, 
prevent its revival to an extent any way proportionate to our increased means. 
But the difference in this State is not so great as in most others. In 1821 there 
arrived at the port of New-York 912 foreign vessels — in 1794, 941. At some 
ports of the U. S. only about one quarter as many arrived in 1821 as in 1803. 
But the coasting and inland trade of New- York has increased in much greater 
extent than the foreign has diminished. 



18 COMMERCE AND SHIPPING, U. S. REVENUE, &c. 

In 1807, the amount of exports from New- York to foreign countries was 
#26,857,963— in 1810, it was #17,202,330— and #13,691,244, in 1820, being 
about 1 -5th of the whole U. S. exports. 

In 1 803, the tonnage of this State was 149, 1 58 tons— in 1 8 1 0, it was 276,557— 
in 1816,309,290 besides that on the lakes— and in 1819, that of New-York Dis- 
trict alone was 229,190, Sag-Harbour and Hudson Districts about 7,500, and 
on the lakes about 5,310: in all 244,690 — considerably over l-5th of the 
whole owned in the United States. 

The unrivalled situation of the City of New-York, both for foreign and in- 
land trade, gives it a great preference over other ports. The establishment of 
regular lines of packets to Europe for freight and passage, and the increasing 
trade with the Southern and South Western States, have excited new enterprize 
in ship-building ; and the number of ships built the last year exceeds that of 
former times. And for strength, beauty, and excellence of workmanship, the 
ships now built in New- York are not exceeded by any in the world. 

U. S. REVENUE AND POST-OFFICES IN NEW-YORK. 

In 1792 the revenue on imports, &c. collected by the U. S. in this state, was 
#1,169,809, being a little less than l-4th of the whole paid in the U. S. In 
1800 it was considerably less than l-3d — in 1810, a little more than l-3d — 
and in 1815, it was #14,491,739, being nearly 5-12ths do. About one third of 
this is derived indirectly from the trade of other states; and so is probably 
nearly one third of the amount of our exports. The U. S. revenue from foreign 
commerce, tonnage, &ic. has been greatly diminished since 1816, and was only 
about 15 millions and a half in 1820, nearly half of which (probably S-7ths) 
was collected in New- York, where upwards of a million dollars of U. S. reve- 
nue on imports were secured during the first six days of January 1822. 

The number of Post-offices in the state was 364 in 1811, being over l-7th 
of the whole (2,440) in the U. S. In 1 820 there were 4,030 in the U. S. and in 
this state there are now (Dec. 1821) 722, being about l-6th of the whole num- 
ber now in the U. S. 

U. S. MILITARY POSTS, kc. IN NEW YORK. 

The U. S. Military Posts, at present occupied in this state, are — Governor's 
Island and New-York harbour, West Point, U. S. Arsenal at Gibbonsville 
(in Watervliet,) Plattsburgh, Sackett's Harbour, and Fort Niagara in the town 
of Porter. The great cantonment at Greenbush is no longer occupied as a post. 
The U. S. have also an Arsenal in the city of New -York. 

There are also two U. S. Naval stations : one, New-York harbour, including 
the extensive Navy Yard at the Wallabout, in Brooklyn — the other, Sackett's 
Harbour, on Lake Ontario. 

THE GRAND CANALS. 

In 1810 Commissioners were appointed to explore the whole route of inland 
navigation from the tide-waters of the Hudson to lakes Ontario and Erie, and 
to report what further improvement could be made therein. It was consider- 
ed that the resources of the Western Inland Lock Navigation Company, of 
1792, which had confined its views to the connexion of the Mohawk river, by 
West Wood creek and Oneida lake, to Seneca river, (and only in batteaux or 
boats of 8 or 10 tons,) were inadequate to improvements commensurate with 
the situation and convenience of the state. The Commissioners, after an ac- 
tual survey in person, made a favourable report in 1811, and another in 1812, 
estimating the cost at from 5 to 6 millions. The war, however, necessarily 
suspended the undertaking ; and the National Government, to which applica- 
tion was made, declined any co-operation in the great project, which many 
persons in this state opposed as impracticable, or useless if completed. But 
on a lucid, comprehensive, and most able memorial to the Legislature, from 
the city of New- York, seconded by Albany, and sundry counties in the western 
district, (with the expression of a favourable opinion by the legislatures of ma- 



THE GRAND CANALS. 19 

ny of the individual states, especially Ohio, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and 
Vermont, and among the people of Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois, and Michigan,) 
such proceedings were had, that in 1816 the Commissioners re-examined the 
route of the Erie Canal by sections and single miles, and estimated the ex- 
pense of completing it, at $4,881,733. A similar examination was made with 
a view to connect lake Champlain with the Hudson and the Erie canal, and the 
expense estimated at $871,000 — making $5,052,738 for both. 

On considering the reports of these examinations and estimates, the legisla- 
ture, in the spring of 1317, established " The Canal Fund," and authorized the 
Commissioners to commence the Erie and Champlain canals; and on the 4tkof 
July, 181 7, the excavation was commenced at Rome. On the 21st October, 1819, 
the water was let into the Erie Canal — the next day the first boat passed on it 
between Rome and Utica — and on the 23d, the navigation was formally open- 
ed. In November following, the water was also let into the Champlain Ca- 
nal, and on the 24th of that month the first boat navigated it from Fort Ed- 
ward to Whitehall. In May, 1820, commenced the navigation of the whole 
Middle section of the Erie Canal, (from Utica to Montezuma on Seneca river, 
near its source in Cayuga lake,) a distance of 96 miles; and although toll was 
not taken till July, yet $5,244 were received that year. The works on the 
Champlain Canal not being fully completed, no toll was exacted for the con- 
siderable quantities of lumber, &,c. that passed through it. During the last 
year, (1821,) great progress has been made in opening this canal towards Wa- 
terford, not far from which village it will unite with the Erie Canal and the 
Hudson. The Erie Canal has also been completed and navigated from Utica, 
upwards of 27 miles, on the Eastern section, past the Little Falls ; and thence 
to the Hudson, much of it is excavated. On the Western section, 63 miles 
(from Seneca river to Rochester; ille on Genesee river) are nearly in a navi- 
gable state, and will be opened early next season : and the residue is under 
contract. And at the end of the next year, (1823,) or by July, 1824, both ca- 
nals will be completed and navigable ; all which, embracing an extent of 425 
miles, will have been accomplished in seven years. 

The course, extent, dimensio7is, and navigation, of these canals, are as fol- 
lows : — The Erie Canal, from the Hudson, at the cities of Albany and Troy, 
passes through the counties of Albany, Saratoga, Schenectady, Montgomery, 
Herkimer, Oneida, Madison, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Monroe, 
Genesee, Niagara, and Erie, into lake Erie at Buffalo, about 365 miles. The 
Champlain Canal passes from the same point, (or from the Erie Canal near 
it,) in Albany county, through Saratoga and Washington counties into lake 
Champlain at Whitehall, about 62 miles. Each canal is 40 feet wide at the 
water's surface, 28 at bottom, and 4 deep; and the tow-path is from 6 to 10 
feet wide, and 2 to 3 feet higher than the water. They are navigated by boats, 
rafts of timber, &,c. which are not allowed to go faster than 5 miles an hour. 
The boats are from 50 or 60, to 70 or 80 feet long, and 8 to 13 wide, carrying 
from 40 to 70 or 80 (and even 100) tons, and drawn by one, two, three, or more 
horses, (all tandem,) as circumstances require, by means of a tow-rope. - 
There are 9 locks, (90 feet long and 14 wide,) and already upwards of 100 
handsome bridges over the canal from Utica to Montezuma, which was inter- 
sected by more than 50 publick roads. Several aqueduct bridges or arches in 
some places carry the canal 20 to 30 feet above the waters passing under 
them. These and the locks will be more frequent on the other sections, as the 
summit water-level extends, (from 8 miles east of Utica to Syracuse,) without 
a lock or interruption, 67 miles — which is without a parallel in the world. 
The canals pass alternately through flourishing settlements, highly cultivated 
fields, rich meadows, deep forests, and morasses ; by large villages ; in sight 
of lakes; and over considerable rivers — presenting the greatest variety and 
beauty of prospect. Mile-boards are erected, and the canals handsomely fenced, 
as fast as finished. The packet-boats are large and commodious, having every 
convenience to lodge and entertain from 25 to 45 or 50 passengers each, in as 
good style as the steam-boats on the Hudson or Delaware ; for all which, in- 
cluding the passage, only 3 to 4 cents per mile is charged. Having relays of 



20 THE GRAND CAINALS. 

horses, these boats run (night and day) 90 to 100 miles in 24 hours. The 
market and other boats run from 30 to 45 or 50 miles a day. Large basins 
or harbours (about an acre each) are made at villages and suitable stopping 
places, and will be multiplied as business shall increase. There are two in Uti- 
ca already. 

Toll. — The canals are the property of the state, but like turnpikes, are pub- 
lick highivays for all to pass (conforming to established rules) on paying toll, 
which is (now) permanently fixed by the constitution, including all future ca- 
nals, thus — for EACH MILE; viz. merchandise, 2 cents — grain, flour, pro- 
visions, ashes, fcc. 1 cent ; and salt, gypsum, lime, stone, bricks, iron-ore, &tc. 
J cent a ton — boats for transportation 1 mill each ton of their capacity ; boats 
for passengers, 5 cents (for all) — wood for fuel, 1 cent a cord — posts and rails 
for fencing, 2 cents per 1000; shingles, 1 mill do. boards and sawed stuff, 5 
mills do. pipe staves, 1 cent do. hogshead do. 7 mills do. barrel do. 5 mills do. — 
round or square timber, 5 mills per 100 solid feet — and other articles 1 cent a 
ton. The amount of net revenue derived from toll on the Erie Canal in 1821 
was #20,224:38— on the Champlain Canal, $1,386:84— Total $21,611:72. 

The Expense. — Such experience, and skill have been acquired, and such im- 
provements and discoveries made in various branches of the work, that al- 
though many alterations in the plan have been adopted, and in most of the 
aqueducts, arches, he. solid stone and mason work substituted for wood work 
as first proposed, yet the cost has fallen within the estimates of 1816. The dis- 
covery of water-lime not only imparted facility, durability, and security to the 
construction of locks, aqueducts, and embankments ; but added an important 
article to our items of commerce. In the first year it was found that much of the 
work could be done for less than the estimates ; and during the last year itwas 
done in some cases for half the estimated price, and in others for still less. Yet 
all concerned found their account in it. The estimates of 1816 put the whole 
of the Erie Canal at over $13,800 per mile. The Middle section was finished 
at an average of $11,792 per mile. This was the least expensive portion ; yet 
the 27 miles from Utica to Minden, including more than half the lockage to 
Schenectady and the mountain at the Little Falls, (the greatest obstacle on 
the Eastern section,) will cost but little more per mile than the Middle section. 
And the two canals will be finished 25 or 30 per cent belter in work, materials, 
and construction, than was calculated, for five millions ; or, half a million less 
than the estimates of 1816. 

Revenue, benefits, and national importance of the Canals. — It is calculated 
that the average-toll on every thing passing the canals, will be about equal to $5 
a ton for the whole length of the Erie Canal, and less than $1 on the other. And 
when it is considered that the completion of the former will reduce the whole 
expense of transporting a ton from Buffalo to New- York (on an average as 
above) from $100, to 10 or $11, and that it will at once command all the trade 
from the borders of the four great western lakes, (nearly equal in extent to the 
whole sea coast of the U. S.) in addition to what will arise along the canal — 
there can remain no doubt, that these canals will be sources of almost as much 
profit to the state, as advantage and convenience to the people in their vicini- 
ty. Besides the agricultural products of the west part of Vermont and the 
north part of this state, vast quantities of timber, spars, masts, and lumber of 
all kinds — the excellent iron of Clinton, Essex, Warren, &tc. — and the fine mar- 
ble of Vermont, (most of which has heretofore been sent to Canada,) will find 
a better market through the Champlain Canal. Lumber and excellent tim- 
ber for various uses, will pass to the Hudson from the west through the Erie 
Canal. Great quantities of staves have already been sent to Utica and even 
to Albany. Salt, gypsum, and water-lime will pass on the canals to the east 
and north part of the state, to Vermont, and to the states south-west of the 
lakes. This is independent of all the ordinary productions of farms and of the 
mass of merchandise which must pass the canals. 

We must further consider the advantages the Canals will afford to manu- 
factures, and for barter and exchange within the state itself— the numerous 
excellent situations and privileges for all kinds of machinery driven by water— 



THE GRAND CANALS. 21 

the many cities and villages that will rapidly arise on the borders of these Ca- 
nals* — and the immense Canal business these alone will furnish. The last sea- 
son property equal to about 72,000 tons passed Utica on the Erie Canal, al- 
though only about a quarter of its extent whs navigable, and the business only 
in its commencement. Upwards of 2,000 tons of shipping [boats] are already 
employed on this section. 

Some suppose 4 to 500,000 tons (reckoning both ways) will annually pass 
from Albany to Buffalo soon as this Canal is finished, yielding over two mil- 
lions toll. Others believe it will be much more But if it should be only equal 
to 100,000 tons, both ways, or about 1-Sd up and 2-Sdsdown, from the Hudson 
to lake Erie ; and if we allow the transportation and passages originating or 
ending between these points (which is certainly a loiv estimate) to be equal to 
100,000 tons carried through the whole route — making an average of 200,000 
at #5 — an annual revenue of one million will be the result, exclusive of toll on 
the numerous boats. Before the year 18S0 it must amount to more than this. 
But allow only half of it, for the first few years, and we have $500,000 yearly 
from the Erie Canal alone ; and it is a moderate calculation, that the toll on the 
Champlain CanaU and on the boats of both, will meet all expenses of both, for 
repairs, collecting the toll, fee. 

In addition to this and to the auxiliary canals already opened from Syracuse 
to Salina, and from the Erie Canal to the Turnpike at Chittening (1 and 1-2 to 
2 mills each) the Oswego Canal from lake Ontario to unite with the E. C. 
by Onondaga lake at Syracuse, 32 miles, and for which examinations and es- 
timates have been made, will be constructed for less than #250,000, soon after 
the others are finished. This will extend the business of the E. C.to Oswego, 
Jefferson, and St. Lawrence Counties, and to Upper Canada (as the Cham- 
plain Canal would to lower Canada) should those countries, at some future 
day, be on an equal footing of freedom with us, which is not at all improbable. 
Another Canal to unite the E. C. with Canandaigua lake, and another with Se- 
neca lake and Tioga (or Chemung) river, are now in contemplation. Cayuga 
lake is already united with it by the head of Seneca river ; and Oneida, Owas- 
co, and Skaneateles lakes, might be added to the list at a small expense. And 
even Otsego will eventually be united with the E. C, and navigation extended 
through the whole country along the Susquehannah, till it receives the Tioga 
in Pennsylvania. If any one will examine the map of the State,f he will at 
once perceive that these narrow lakes — all affording easy and safe navigation, 
some of them 15 or 20, others 35 to 40 miles long, and most fortunately lying 
transversely instead of laterally with the Erie Canal — will, from their adjacent 
country and streams, afford a vast proportion of transportation, and sites and 
privileges for villages and manufactories, not taken into the account above : and, 
that but little of the State will be left without participation in the signal bene- 
fits of the Grand Canals. The completion of these auxiliary works would in- 
crease the revenue from Canals (above calculated) 30 per cent. And from a 
personal acquaintance with the soil, situation, and productions of much of the 
western and northern parts of the State, and with the intelligence, enterprise, 
and excellent habits of the inhabitants, I cannot but feel confident, that by the 
2d or 3d year after opening the two Grand Canals, the net revenue (above 
all expenses) will be much nearer a million, than half a million, annually— and 
in 10 or 12 years nearer two millions. 

I here calculate only for the trade derived from this State and countries now 
doing business on or through the Great lakes. But we must add to all the above 
the vast trade which will come from the whole country on the Ohio river above 

* Lockport, a village in Niagara County, where the Erie Canal crosses the mountain ridge, 
contained but 3 families on the 29th of July last. On the first day of January last, (5 months 
later,) it contained 2 apothecary shops, 4 stores, 5 taverns, sundry groceries and victualling 
houses, (making 50 buildings in all,) and 337 inhabitants, with a regular weekly neics paper ! ! 

Syracuse, Buckville, Jordan, Brutus (at Weed's Basin,) Couastota, and other villages have 
already arisen on the borders of the Canal since it was commenced. 

t The excellent map of the late Mr. Eddy, or the correct and beautiful little map in Mr. 
^pariord s Uazetteer— which are the best maps that designate recent divisions of the ter- 



22 THE GRAND CANALS, OHIO, &c. 

the fa!!? at Louisville, when the Ohio Canal* between that river and Lake Erie 
(which will certainly be commenced ere long) shall be completed. The Illinois 
Canal, connecting lake Michigan with the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, will 
soon after be added to the immense chain of navigable waters ; and at no very 
distant day Pittsburgh and the Allegany river, and the Wabash and lake Michi- 
gan itself (by the St. Joseph's) will l>e connected with lake Erie and our Canal. 
Then, a single view of the map of the U. S. and a consideration of the differ- 
ence between New- York and New-Orleans in climate, market, and facility of 
foreign intercourse, will convince any one, that most of the country north of 
Nashville and New Madrid will trade with New-York. The fact, that a ton 
may then be transported from St. Louis or Nashville, to New-York, (via Cin- 
cinnati,) for between 15 and $20, and on the return for 25 to $30, (less than a 
third of the former cost from Buffalo to New- York,) can leave not a doubt on 
the mind, that chief of the trade of the Upper and Middle Mississippi, the Mis- 
souri, and their tributaries, with all the fur trade to the Rocky mountains, 
must eventually pass through the Erie Canal. 

If half of this anticipation should be realized, (and much of it certainly 
must,) who will undertake to calculate our revenue from this source ? It will 
by no means be confined to two or three millions annually, nor to five or six, 
40 years hence. Besides soon paying off (in conjunction with the Canal Fund) 
whatever balance of debt, incurred by these works, may remain after their 
completion, it will undoubtedly enable the State to defray all the expenses of 
government without any future State taxes, and (in the language of the Presi- 
dent of the Commissioners) " to patronize literature and science — to promote 
education, morality, and religion — to encourage agriculture, commerce, and 
manufactures — and to establish the interests of human improvement upon an 
imperishable basis and to an incalculable extent." As promoting one of these 
great "interests," we can soon make loans, at moderate use, if desired, to as- 
sist the western States in similar undertakings. 

The direct benefits, moreover, which this great work will confer on a large 
portion of our citizens, as individuals, are immense; and, to the people of 
Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Upper Canada, they will be but 
little less important.! The discoveries and experience it will disclose to our 
sister States for their aid in like improvements — the flood of industry it will set 
in motion in the interior — and the friendly intercourse and community of in- 
terests it will promote and cherish between the east and the west, so fondly an- 
ticipated by Washington, in his affectionate farewell to his countrymen, as the 
only effectual means of preserving the Union of the States — is above all estima- 
tion. In a commercial, political, moral, and social point of view, it has at once 
theeffectofthrovvingdown, aswiththehand of magick,the mighty Alleganyand 
Apalachian Mountains, heretofore the great line of national division. In point of 
navigation it will render the tohole Union east of the Mississippi, as it has al- 
ready rendered the whole of New England with part of New-York and Low- 

* The State of Ohio has increased in population from 45,000 in 1800, to 581,000 in 1820. 
She is now next to Virginia in representative population by the Census of 1820 ; and, at this 
moment is before Virginia in free white population, and in that respect the third State in the 
Union. Her population in 1830 will equal that of Pennsylvania iu 1820 ; and in 1840 to 45 
she will be the second State in the Union. In Agriculture, at no very remote period she may be 
first, if she add, to the advantages our Erie Canal will give her, a Canal of her own through 
"the centre of her territory to her commercial capital. In 1819, her militia amounted to 
83,000 ! 

t The Massachusetts " Middlesex Canal," connecting Boston harbour with the Merrimack 
(a river chiefly in New- Hampshire,) is 27 miles lonsr, 30 ft. wide at top, 20 at bottom, and 3 
deep— and cost #470,000. The net income in 1808 was $7,000— in 1810, $14,000— in 1815, 
$25,000— and in 1817, $32,000. Timber in New Hampshire, which before was worth no- 
thing, is now worth from 1 to $3 a ton standing. In this article alone, N. Hampshire (though 
wholly above the Canal,) is benefited several millions ; and the price of woodland in that state 
has risen 3 or 4 to 10 dollars per acre. On and near the Canal the value of lands has been 
enhanced 100 or 200 percent, in some cases, 500: and for some distance on each side, 30 or 
40 per cent. 



CANAL AND SCHOOL FUNDS, SCHOOLS, &c. 23 

er Canada, an Island. In the words of a traveller on the Erie Canal, it will 
be "a monument of national munificence unparalleled in Europe or America, 
and matched only by the immense aqueducts of China." It will most forcibly 
illustrate the truth of this apothegm: — " Although men are accused of not 
knowing their own weakness ; yet, perhaps as few know their own strength." 
Other states, and perhaps the nation — perhaps even other nations — might profit 
by the illustration. It is solely the work of a single state, containing less than 
a million and a half of souls ! In the language of the Commissioners, it " ex- 
hibits the most impressive example of the beneficent effects of a free govern- 
ment upon the character of a community, which the United States have yet 
produced, since the adoption of the Federal Constitution." And, next to the 
establishment of American Independence — which led the way for the emanci- 
pation of so many other oppressed nations of the earth — it is the greatest 
achievement of the age. 

THE CANAL FUND. 

This fund was established in April, 1817, and is under the Superintendence 
of "the commissioners of the Canal Fund." It consists of — 1, Duties on goods 
sold at auction ; 2, Do. on Salt manufactured in the Western District ; S, Com- 
mutation for the tax on Steam-Boat passengers ; 4, Stock in theW. Inland Lock 
Nav. Co. 5, Canal tolls ; 6, certain contingent proceeds of lotteries ; 7, #250,000 
taxes on lands adjacent to the Canals (not yet assessed); and 8, Grand Island in 
Niagara river, lands in the Salt Springs Reservation (valued at #500,000) and 
104,632 acres of land given by companies and individuals. The last three num- 
bered items are as yet unproductive. The Commissioners of this Fund are 
authorized to borrow certain sums on the credit of the State, to repay which, 
the above property and revenue, as well as all the tolls, are permanently pledg- 
ed, first by law, and now by the Constitution. The Revenue from the Jive 
sources first above-named was, in 1820, #213,572. 

Loans and Expenditures. — The amount borrowed in 1817, 18, 19, and 20, is 
#1,492,500— the amount of revenue #733,826 : 94, making the receipts #2,226,- 
326 : 94. During the same 4 years these Commissioners paid out in Canal expen- 
ditures (including interest on loans, &tc.) #2,208,758 : 12. [See Note to the Arti- 
cle " State Funds, Revenue, and Expenditures" — post.] 

The amended Constitution prohibits the legislature from selling or disposing 
of the Canals or the Salt Springs — these are for ever to remain the property of 
the State. 

SCHOOL FUND AND COMMON SCHOOLS. 

The Fund set apart by the State for the benefit of Common Schools amount- 
ed, in 1810, to #483,326 : 29— the previous year's revenue of which was 
#16,427:64— besides which 314,770 acres of unsold land then belonged to 
this Fund. 

In 1820 it amounted to #1,21 5,526 and about 25,000 acres of land, (escheated 
to the State,) probably worth #150,000. The Revenue was #77,141 : 58. 

By the amended Constitution, the proceeds of all lands belonging to this State 
(except such as have already been reserved or set apart to publick purposes, 
or ceded to the U. S.) which shall hereafter be sold, are to be added to the above 
fund, which is to remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which is to be applied 
to the support of common Schools. These lands are about 970,000 acres, 
valued at about #1,100,000. Also 2,228 acres along Niagara river (valuable,) 
600 do. in the Oswego villages (do.) and about 39,000 do. yet in the possession 
of the Oneida, St. Regis, and Onondaga Indians, which will eventually fall into 
the hands of the State, worth #300,000, or more. There are also some mil- 
lions, perhaps, of unlocated lands, and much which has escheated, that will ul- 
timately come to this fund. Likewise Carlton and other islands. Besides this, 
there were early granted to sundry towns, lots for the support of the Gospel 
and schools— quantity and value unascertained. 



24 SCHOOLS, LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, &c. 

Application and Effects. — The annual interest or revenue of this fund is dis- 
tributed according to population among the several towns, on their raising an. 
additional sum, equal to their quota, or greater (not exceeding double the 
amount,) for the same purpose. In 1816 returns were received from 338 towns, 
in which were 2755 school districts, from 2631 of which, district returns were 
received : in these 2631 districts $55,720, were received and distributed, and 
140,106 children instructed. The returns for 1820 {none from Richmond 
County) were from 545 towns, in which there are 6,332 sch. dist. From 5,489 
of these, district returns were received : $146,418 were received and distribut- 
ed, and 304,559 children taught therein. No. of children between 5 and 15 
residing in said 5,489 districts, 317,633. 

The returns not being from the whole state, nor yet altogether perfect, the 
money distributed is not all stated — it must have been $160,000, besides local 
funds from lands previously set apart for schools, &c. as above mentioned. 
More children, also, were probably instructed than are returned. The pro- 
portion actually instructed \n these schools, compared with the whole residing 
in the districts, was, by the return, in 1815, as 4 to 5 — in 1818, as 8 to 9 — and 
in 1820, as 24 to 25. The money from the School fund is sufficient to support 
these schools three months in the year ; and when they continue on the town- 
money, poor children are still generally allowed to attend. And the Superin- 
tendent of Common Schools justly remarks, that the number of children who 
do not attend some school, or otherwise receive some education, is very small 
. — and, that "of the rising generation in this state, very few will arrive to matu- 
rity without the enjoyment and protection of a common education." 

All this includes but little of the ci'ty of New-York, where districts are not 
formed ; but whatever portion of the school fund revenue is distributed there, 
goes to some schools set up by sundry charitable or religious societies and 
churches. The Economical School, and a great many Lancaster and excel- 
lent Free Schools, in that city, are otherwise supported, by some direct grants 
of the legislature, by societies and donations in the city, and other sources. 
There are in that city vast numbers of excellent private schools, and many 
charity and sunda}' schools. Such is the case, too, in the cities of Albany, Troy, 
Schenectady, and Hudson; and in Brooklyn, Poughkeepsie, Utica, New- 
burgh, and other large villages. 

There are Lancaster Schools established also in Albany, Troy, Schenecta- 
dy, Hudson, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, and many other places ; and sundry 
ether grammar schools incorporated in different parts of the state — all in ad- 
dition to the common schools. 

UNIVERSITY AND LITERATURE FUND. 

The " fund for the promotion of Literature," in 1820, amounted to$13S,S17, 
besides 3,519 acres of land worth 25 or 30,000 dollars. There are also funds 
in the hands and under the direction of "The Regents of the University," who 
have the general superintendence of colleges and academies, $45,1 15. To the 
Regents have also been granted, for the bfnefit of Columbia and Union Colle- 
ges Governor's Island in New-York harbour, considerable tracts of land at Ti- 
con'deroga and Crown Point, and 1,724 acres at Lake George. The annual 
revenue of this fund is about $5,000. 

COLLEGES, ACADEMIES, LITERARY INSTITUTIONS— 
STASE MUNIFICENCE. 

1. Columbia College, in the city of New- York, to which has been granted 
at sundry times about $281,000, besides the Botanic Garden (called $84,000, 
but not available to a third of that sum,) and its portion of the lands above 
mentioned. , , 

2. Union College, in the city of Schenectady— similar grants to about 
$418,500, exclusive of its portion of the last mentioned lands. 

3. Hamilton College, at the village of Clinton in the town of Paris, Oneida 
county— similar grants to about $106,000. [The residue of its funds were 
made up by donations and subscriptions— amount unknown.] 



LITERARY INSTITUTIONS AND GRANTS RELIEF, &c. 25 

\* " Washington College," to be established on Staten-Island, for which a 
charter was conditionally granted, has not been organized. 

4. The College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New-York — 
grants amounting to $35,000. 

5. The College of Physicians and Surgeons in the Western District, at Fair- 
field, Herkimer county — do. #1 5,000. 

6. A College, on an extensive plan, for the education of each sex in sepa- 
rate buildings, has been founded at Ithaca in Tompkins county, and large build- 
ings begun — relying, as yet, on donations and contributions. 

7. Presbyterian Theological Seminary, at Auburn, Cayuga county — 1819. 

8. General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the 
United States, in the city of New- York, united with the Seminary of this 
Diocess — 1821. 

9. Branch of the same Seminary at Geneva, Ontario county. 

10. Hartwick Literary and Theological Seminary, at Hartwick, Otsego 
county — 1816. 

11. Academies, chartered by the Regents of the University, at Albany, Au- 
burn, Ballston, Blooming-Grove, East-Hampton, Kinderhook, Canandaigua, 
Aurora (Cayuga county,) Cattskill, Cherry-Valley, Cambridge, Poughkeepsie, 
Delhi, Flatbush (Kings county,) Fairfield, Goshen, Greenville (Greene county,) 
Geneva, Hudson, Johnstown (Montgomery county,) Kingston, Lansingburgh, 
Lowville, Montgomery (Orange county,) Newburgh, North- Salem, Ononda- 
ga, Cooperstown, Oxford (Chenango county,) Oyster-bay, Plattsburgh, Pom- 
pey, Schenectady, Potsdam, Jamaica, Salem (Washington county,) Warwick, 
anil Whitesborough — 58. The Legislature has also incorporated an Academy 
at Mount Pleasant; Female Academies, at Waterford, Cattskill, and Albany ; 
and The Wesleyan Seminary (for both sexes) in the city of New-York — 5. 
There are also Academies at Huntington, New Rochelle, Bedford (West-Cbes- 
ter county,) Orange-town, Claverack, Waynesburgh (Rockland county,) 
White Creek, Hyde-Park, Granville, Middlebury, Waddington, fl*d Union 
Village (Washington county,) 12 : and, at sundry other places, a?;out25 more, 
from which I have no particular information — making about 70 hi all. [And 
the United States' Military Academy is at West Point, Qr^>ge county, in this 
State.] 

Some of these Academies, particularly that in Mf'^J, have two or threr 
able Professors, besides the Principal, and are Lw«dsomely endowed, by So- 
cieties and individuals. From the " Literature fund" the Regents have alrea- 
dy distributed among these Academies $67,000— chiefly to the first 38. 

12. There is also the Institution in the city of New- York for the Instruction 
of the Deaf and Dumb, to which the S^te has granted #22,500, and #2,500 
more annually. The American AcMemy of Fine Arts, to which #20,000 have 
been granted, with the privilege 4 holding estate to the value of $5,000 an- 
nually* The New- York ffi^orical Society — The Lyceum of Natural Histo- 
ry, (and similar institutions -*t Troy and Cattskill)--The Literary and Philoso- 
phical Society The Or*a an Asylum Society — The JVcw- York Hospital (in- 
cluding the establishment of the Lunutick Asylum, &c. kc.) — and many others 

to some or all of vvliich, the Legislature has, at sundry times, granted money 

to the amount of 700 or 800 thousand dollars. 

And to these latter miscellaneous state-charities may be added, 550,000 to the 
sufferers by the late war on the Niagara river — about #40,000 annually to vari- 
ous other purposes of improvement or relief— #10,000 annually towards the 
support of foreign poor in the city of New- York— and #14,500 annually to the 



* " The American Academy of Language and Belles Leitres," (which some publications 
have inadvertently confounded with that of the " Fine Arts,") was projected by some literary 
gentlemen in the city of New-York, and is established on a broad basis, well calculated to 
promote the best interests of education and free government, and to elevate the literary cha- 
racter of the country. But, as it is a general (or more properly national) institution, witu 
members in every suite, and some of its most learned and efficient friends in the extreme parts 
of the Union, its locatiou, I understand, is not yet definitively settled. 

News-papers and Printing, —There are published in the State 99 pubhek papers wecA/';— i 

4 



26 STATE MUNIFICENCE, FUNDS, REVENUE, he. 

Indians in this state.* Moreover, many legislative acts of assistance or indem- 
nity have been passed in favour of skill and merit— many immunities bestowed 
to foster useful ingenuity. The state has throughout protected Fulton and 
Livingston in the rights and extensive privileges it granted for the invention or 
improvement of the Steam-Boat, which has formed a new era in the inter- 
course of the world. And during the Revolution, the state set apart an im- 
mense body of the first land in the Union, called the " Military Tract," to re- 
ward those who fought the battles of their country. Perhaps the world will 
yet believe that all republicks are not always ungrateful — or, at least, not al- 
ways ungenerous. 

STATE FUNDS, REVENUE, AND EXPENDITURES. 
In 1810—11. 
The Revenue and Expenditures of the State were, in the abstract, as follows : 
— Lands, about 1,000,000 acres unsold : and State Funds $4,191,803 : 25, (in 
1800 about #2,900,000 : 00) the annual revenue of which is now #278,489 : 96 
— besides which the Receipts at the Treasury, from various other sources, were, 
for the year 1810, #626,042 : 88 (for 1791 #127,648 ; for 1800 #192,028 : 71)— 
and during the same time were paid out #606,328 : 22 (in 1791 #143,417 : 64, 
and in 1800 #261,765 : 03.) Estimated expenses for 1811, #268,366 : 22. 
Debts which the State owed, besides some small unliquidated demands, 
#880,000 (in 1800, #346,234 : 98.) Which (exclusive of the School Fund and 
Land, and of the 1,000,000 acres publick lands above named) gave about 
#30,000 annual excess of revenue over expenditures, and a permanent fund ex- 
ceeding the publick debt #3,311,803 : 25. 

In 1820—21. 

Since 1811, much of the State funds has been set apart for particular objects 
included under some of the foregoing heads; and undertaking the Canals, and 
other works, together with making considerable grants to sundry institutions, 
has necessartiy consumedmuch publick money. All the Za?i</s of the State have, 
moreover, (as motioned under the head of " School fund," &cc.) been recently 
appropriated to tha support of Common Schools. Still the general funds of 
the State now amount. t #3,222,446 : 39— the annual revenue of which (with 
some other sources of ir^ ome ) is #688,301 : 44. Of this income #242,500 are 
appropriated annually to tt.v. c ana i Fund, N. Y. hospital, foreign poor, schools, 
&tc. as before mentioned— leav-, ng f OP t h e or dinary expenses of Government 
#445,801 : 44. 

The receipts at the Treasury (182\^ amounted to #1,207,565 : 76. Balance 
in the Treasury before #108,797 : 86. Total #1,316,363 : 62. Amount paid out 
and to be paid out, for same period, # 1 ,29s v sfiS : 22. Balance # 1 0,500 : 40 ; be- 



^ li ;^f ekly_1 thri , e , e a w ! ek ~2 n „ d J daily— in a11 ' 110 ' w l»ch are. supposed to distribute 
164,000 papers weekly, and 8,523,000 in a year— value abou $270,000, besides the advertiz- 
ing, lhere are upwards of 150 printing establishments or ot^ es aiK i several periodical li- 
terary works published, besides the above papers ; also, a vast n*wy books pamphlets &c. 
— the number and value of which, I have no means of ascertaining. 

* Indians. The original inhabitants of the greater partof the state were the Iroquois, or The 
Five Nations,Six Nations, or Confederate Nations, as they are alternately ceJled. Their centre 
or capital was at Onondaga. They at first consisted of the Mohawks, Oneio^s, Onondagas, 
Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterwards theTuscaroras removed from North-Carolina. and Virginia 
to this state, and were admitted into the confederacy. After the Revolution, the Mohawks re- 
moved to Canada— the Oneidas reside in Oneida and Madison— the Onondagas at Onondaga 
and Buffalo creek, where also reside the Senecas, with some Cayugas and Tuscaroras; though 
most of lhe Tuscaroras reside at Tuscarora Village. Some few of the Iroquois reside on the 
Allegany and Genesee rivers— some Onondagas and Cayugas in Canada. They have rapid- 
ly decreased ; and in 1796 amounted to only about 3750 in the State— now much less. The 
De awares and some remnant of tribes from the south, once occupied the country about the 
Delaware and Susquehannah. The few that remain are on Buffalo, Tonnewanta, and Cat- 
taraugus creeks. There are a few of the St. Regis Indians in Franklin County. The Stock- 
bridge Indians, from Massachusetts, reside in Oneida— also the Brothertown Indians These 
latter and the Oneidas cultivate farms, and have schools, mills, &c. The Tuscaroras aNo 
have a meeting-house, gardens and fields, and other indications of civilization. 



STATE FUNDS CITY OP NEW- YORK REVIEW. 27 

sides taxes to come in, for that period, $40,000 — making (with the $445,801 :44 
unappropriated revenue above) $506,301 : 84, to meet the expenditures for 1821, 
which were estimated at $368,500.* The State oives (exclusive of the Canal 
loans, which are provided for, as noted under the. head of Canals,) $1,400,000. 
Thus — exclusive of Canal funds and loans, the literature and school funds, 
gospel and school lands, and all the other revenues, appropriated as mentioned 
under the preceding heads — the State still has about $137,000 annual excess 
of revenue over expenditures, and a permanent fund exceeding the publick debt 
$1,822,446:39— besides an expected balance from the U. S. for military ser- 
vices in the late war. And when the Canal fund, taxes, and tolls shall have 
paid off the Canal loans, the annual revenue from duties on Salt and Auc- 
tions, and from the Canals themselves, will revert, and be added to the general 
funds of the State. 

REVIEW. 

Such, on a brief review of our publick circumstances, we find the pres- 
ent happy and elevated situation of the State of New-York. It would not be 
unnatural, if it should, for a moment, awaken a sense of State-pride in the bo- 
som of every patriotick inhabitant. And while, in common with the thou- 
sands, who have exchanged their native states for a home in this, I shall lose 
the most endearing recollections of New-England and its virtuous and happy 
people only with life itself — while I admire the enterprise of the brave and 
generous sons of the West, and the refinement and hospitality of the South — • 
while I duly appreciate, I trust, the great natural advantages and respectability 
of Ohio and Pennsylvania — and while I revere the long-tried talents and pat- 
riotism of Virginia, and the learning and wisdom of Massachusetts, venerabile 
nomen ! — I yet confess, that to be a citizen of the State of New-York now 
seems to me a thing of some distinction. 

But other and far different reflections succeed the first gratulatory impulse. 
As a State, New- York has faults, and great ones too. Many may still be found 
in her constitution and courts — learned and highly respectable, as are many 

* The expenses of the late Convention could not be included in this estimate, as that measure 
was not then decided on. This extra expense (about $42,000) is to be provided for in the 
present year. 

1822 — After the above abstract was made out, the Governour's Speech to the Legislature, 
(and since that the Report of the Comptroller for 1822 J exhibited a later view of our finan- 
ces. Whatever variation there may be from the results above stated, arises from the di fference of 
time ; as my statements, relative to all the funds, are made from Official Reports and Papers 
of 1821 — excepting- the appropriation of our lands to the Common Seh< ol fund and other al- 
terations made by the Amended Constitution, which has been adopted by the people since the 
session of the Legislature commenced. My statements and calculations, where not othen-wise. 
represented, are for the year 1821. 

Citv of New-York. — It may not be uninteresting here to add that the Receipts of the 
City Government for the year ending Ma v 15th,] 82 J , amounted to $503,686 : 96 — Expenditures, 
same period $530,998 : 91. [These two sums were from $100,000 to $150,000 larger than 
the estimates for that year, in consequence of the extra expense of building Fulton Maket and 
obtaining a loan therefor.] 

The publick Debt of the City, unredeemed at the close of 1821, was $1,081,950— said debt 
having been reduced $218,050 since 1816. 

The Receijits for the year ending next Ma}', are estimated (including the balance in the 
Treasury) at $425,671 : 35, and the Expenditures at $424,771 : 35, including the completion of 
the various improvements already commenced. This exceeds the receipts and expenditures 
of any State in the Union, except the State of New- York ; and, exclusive of the extra opera- 
tions on the Canals, nearly equals the monied transactions even of that state in ordinary 
years. 

The Revenue of the City is derived from rents, wharfage, various licences, ferries, penal- 
ties, fees, sundry privileges and perquisites, duties on vendues, taxation, &,c. &c. Very 
great publick improvements have been made throughout the City in the last five years, and 
more very important ones are in contemplation. 

Progressive Population of the City. — The number of inhabitants was 4,302 in 1697 — 10,381 
in 1756—21,863 in 1771—23,614 in 1786—33,131 in 1790—60,439 in 1800—96,372 in 1310 
—100,619 in 1816— and 123,706 in 1820 : exhibiting an increase of more than 100,000 people 
(from only about 20,000) since the acknowledgment of American Independence ! and 20,000 
in the last foitr years, since the close of the last War ! ! 



28 REVIEW PROSPERITY GOVERNMENT. 

of those, who have administered her laws. More might be found in her laws 
themselves ; although the great prosperity and happiness, the people have en- 
joyed under them, constitute no faint eulogium. And seeing what has thus far 
been done or commenced, notwithstanding many errours and comparatively 
small means, we should turn our thoughts more on what further is to be done 
for the presentand future generations, in discharge of our greatly increased du- 
ty and responsibility, than on the easy elevation we now enjoy. As the stew- 
ards of the Great Giver of all our signal advantages, we should not forget — 
our statesmen should never, for a moment, forgot — that " unto whomsoever 
much is given, of him shall much be required." We are not to waste the fail- 
inheritance left us by the founders of the republick ; nor, because we may have 
Improved it, are we to squander what ought to constitute a rich and permanent 
patrimony for ages to come. And this high responsibility is enhanced by the 
single reflection, too often sadty verified in the progress both of nations and 
individuals — that, it is more easy to acquire a high reputation, than to pre- 
serve it. 

New-York has, moreover, to recollect that her natural and relative situation 
in the Union has given her much of the commercial business and population 
of her neighbours ; and, that if she have fairly earned the title of first among 
her equals — " primus inter pares" — yet many others hare contributed to the 
distinction. Vermont, Connecticut, and New-Jersey, who bore so honoura- 
ble a part in the Revolution, swell the commerce of her Great City ; and the 
South pours some of its riches into her lap. Without these just considera- 
tions, our rapid progress could not be accounted fur on the ordinary principles 
of human events. But yesterday, as it were — where now stand Utica and 
Rome, and where a great artificial river is now coursing its proud career of 
360 miles to the great inland Seas of the West, bearing on its bosom the pro- 
ducts of states and the business of cities — nothing but savage wilds and more 
savage tenants existed. While yet, I seem to see the warm tears flow, that 
filled the eyes of a parent or brother as he spoke of a son or companion mis- 
erably perishing for want, or slain and cruelly disfigured by savage hordes, at 
Herkimer or Fort Stanwix — a polished population and crowded towns, bless- 
ed with peace and plenty in all their borders, rise to my astonished sight, and 
westward afar extend the grateful scene. Reflecting on such a sudden and 
total transformation ; on the freedom and security in which we now live ; and on 
the means of individual happiness and comfort, of moral and literary improve- 
ment, as well as of national prosperity, now spread before us ; the most cold 
or stubborn heart must be melted with gratitude for deliverance, for prefer- 
ment like this ! 

We cannot but remember, also, what division ofpublick sentiment recently 
existed on the subject of our last and greatest improvement ; and, that sharp 
opposition increased that division, ever confounding measures, whether politi- 
cal or not, with pre- conceived political dislike of individuals, who may propose 
or pursue them. This very naturally arose from the political animosity and 
strife for power and place, which unhappily detract something from the repu- 
tation of the State. It is a penalty we must ever pay for our proud situation, 
unless further preventives shall be provided by the constitution and laws. 
It is the very nature of political power, patronage, and emolument (which 
promise so much easier a life than labour or professional drudgery,) if not re- 
duced to the loivest standard by which the execution ofpublick duties can be 
insured,* not only to cause men to sigh for promotion, but to make them ima- 

* Moreover, tlie people should not part with any of this power and patronage, which they 
can, in their original character and local situation, exercise or bestow judiciously. And I see 
no reason to believe, that the people of this state are either not upright or intelligent enough 
to do so in alj town and county concerns, as well as in those of villages and cities, and to choose 
directly all their own publics servants (as judiciously, at least, as they can choose a govern- 
our,) except judges of courts of record and of equity, and a very few officers for general or 
titale duties. 

If Mr. Hume had reason to believe, many years ago, (as his " Idea of a Perfect Common- 
wealth" assures us,) that the people of Great Britain and Ireland were " good judges enough" 



EVILS OP POLITICAL STRIFE— OUR DUTY. 29 

gine themselves better qualified to superintend the publick weal, than their 
own individual business, and to abandon the latter for the purpose of what 
they call rescuing the State from the hands of weak or wicked rulers. In 
states where there is comparatively iittle political patronage or publick wealth, 
we see little or none of this warfare, on good and valuable men of all parties. 
Poor countries, and times of great distress or oppression, seldom lack true 
patriotism or competent talents, though few envy the offices, or thwart the 
measures of those, who exhibit these qualities at great hazard, or for small 
reward. 

And cannot rich countries, or periods of great prosperity, be blessed with suffi- 
cient talents and patriotism to fulfill all the high duties of such times and coun 
tries, without lavishing money or power enough, either to corrupt their posses- 
sors, or to instigate others to carry on a bitter warfare for their places ? Must our 
own abundance only engender discontent; our acquisitions of knowledge and 
talents only create thirst for exclusive domination ; and induce a part of us 
'to claim all rule, and proscribe the rest of society — when scanty means would 
be cheerfully resigned to such as should make the best use of them for the 
state, without reference to parties, and without a knowledge or even suspicion 
that one half or two-fifths of the community are enemies to their government 
and country ? Are we doomed still to foment those dark and awful flames 
of discord, which have already lighted so many republicks "the dusky way 
to death ?" — To pervert our high unparalleled privileges to our own destruc- 
tion, and to tempt our otherwise most valuable citizens and honourable men to 
abuse each other, in advance, as the deliberate promoters of our ruin ? Is it 
thus that a community — which, of all others that have ever existed, has the 
most abundant cause for thankfulness — requites the bounty of Providence ? 
And must we return to state-poverty and comparative ignorance, before we 
can be disinterested or charitable in matters of civil government, or learn to 
distinguish between statesmen and politicians * between publick benefactors 

in such local matters ; and that they could govern themselves at that day by sub-dividing the 
country into convenient counties and parishes, which should elect their own local rulers, leav- 
ing only general concerns and appointments to the larger government consisting of delegates, 
chosen by the same people in those sub-divisions, as we already choose our legislature — who 
can doubt the practicability and safety of such a policy tww, in this country, after considering 
our forty years' experience in government, and the foregoing view of our literary institutions 
and common schools, whose salutary effects have but just begun to be seen and licit ; and in 
a state too, where permanent provision is so fully made, as in New- York, for rendering every 
human being in the community capable of judging and acting understanding^ in all the du- 
ties incident to so democratick and free a government ? It was an alarming, a solemn truth 
uttered by Milton, that in all governments, the great errour was, to govern too much! And 
it is equally erroneous to govern or be governed by persons/a/- off, and almost unknown and 
irresponsible to the governed. 

It was the force of such truths ; a wise "distrust," which Demosthenes denominates "the 
guard and security of the people in free states" ; and a fear, that too much refinement in gov- 
ernment (a polite term for the intrigues of politicians) would destroy its simplicity — which in- 
duced the people of Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, Ohio, and other States, to insert in their 
several Constitutions a clause, declaring the duly and necessity of a frequent recurrence tofrU 
principles. And since these constitutions were framed, we have, or we suppose we have, 
been growing more capable of understanding the nature and duties of government. It is 
manifest to every man, who recollects the very limited education and political and literary- 
knowledge of the people at large in 1778, that we are now a widely different people in this 
respect ; and that we have no longer much occasion to rely on the advice or direction of the 
educated few — at least, not in matters immediately within our own observation. Whatever, in 
short, the people can do conveniently for themselves, they should never support or allow others 
to do for them. 

If it be not so — then, our boast of republicanism and self-government ; our endearing and 
fond attachments to universal education and equality of political and civil rights, the former of 
which was to qualify us wisely to exercise and enjoy the latter ; all our exalted ideas of the 
efficacy of our free and enlightened systems of government — are, not merely " vain and empty 
things," but "unreal mockeries :" and, in the language of AddisoD, we have already gone far 
to refine ourselves out of our virtue. 

* It was well said by C. G. Haines, Esq. in a Speech at the New- York Forum, full of 
good sense and discrimination — " that, at the seat of government, men are but too apt to 
degenerate into mere politicians — politicians become office- hunters — and an office-hunter is 



QO REVIEW SUCCESS PROSPECTS. 

and publick dictators ? — Or, will the PEOPLE — the great body of the en- 
lightened and virtuous people of the State — who oivn and who should govern 
all — arrest the evil, and judge of men by their works, for and by themselves? 
If this be not done — if we do not soon abandon or stop such a course of 
things in this state, we may well dread, some future day, not only the inter- 
ruption of our prosperous career of improvement, but the loss of whatever of 
state-reputation and acquirements we now enjoy — and even liberty itself. 

This evil genius of republicks — this spirit of political speculation, rancour, 
and proscription had, at one time, nearly arrested or utterly destroyed our 
whole plan of inland navigation. " Doubts and darkness" seemed to " rest 
upon it." By whatever men or means, by whatever power or agency, the 
jarring elements and discordant interests were reconciled, soothed, or com- 
bined, or the merits of the cause made apparent to such a portion of the ini- 
mical or doubtful, as to produce sufficient harmony to renew and prosecute it 
with such success : — we must admit, that our good genius for once predomi- 
nated. And glancing back, for a moment, to the apparently insuperable ob- 
stacles, which then made many despair of the undertaking ; and turning again 
to the approaching consummation of a policy, which will soon open to us 
such extensive sources of convenience, wealth, and comfort, and constitute our 
highest praise — observing, too, what happy unanimity of sentiment and action, 
(even amongst those who once most widely differed,) now prevails on that po- 
licy, throughout the state — we perceive a result as wonderful as it is propi- 
tious ; and cannot but feel, that in all this, we have been the objects of pecu- 
liar fortune or favour. With the grateful shepherd in Virgil, we may fer- 
vently say, 



Deus nobis hsec otia fecit; 



Namque erit ille mihi semper deus.- 

But if we are ready thus to exclaim, on contemplating these events, what 
should we say and feel, could we but draw aside the curtain that veils the fu- 
ture, and behold the effects which the great measures of the last few years 
will produce for our successors ? Agriculture, the basis of all power and pros- 
perity, perfected — manufactures flourishing beside the farmer, and furnishing 
means and creating wants for immense interna! commerce and interchange of 
productions and fabricks from Maine to Missouri, and from Florida to Michi- 
gan — foreign commerce still supplying what our own country affords not on 
better terms — our deep-laid systems of general education, conferring alike on 
all the people that instruction which sustains our hope that we shall survive 
the assaults of party, and outlast the period of all former republicks — learning 
and science, and our literary institutions, patronized by the community, as 
they, in turn, adorn and dignify it — and our Grand Canals, besides their bene- 
fits to our own citizens and our immediate neighbours, eminently promoting 
the welfare of the United States, by enhancing the value and income of the 
publick lands, by stimulating other states to like exertions, but more by 
introducing a unity of views and feelings, a concert of interests and action, 
which, we trust, will prolong our confederated government — united, free, and 
happy — " beyond all Greek, beyond all Roman fame." Such, with the bless- 
ing of Heaven upon the upright discharge of our duties, may be our rational 
anticipations : such, by Divine goodness, are the realities, which already begin 
to brighten the face of our country and gladden the hearts of her people. 

" Oh, scenes surpassing' fable, and yet true ; 
" Scenes of accomplish "d bliss ! which, who can see, 
" Though but in distant prospect, and not feel 
" His soul refresh 'd with foretaste of the joy." 



a pest in society." Gen. Root, in the Assembly, has often marked this distinction with equal 
force and less ceremony. The science of these " would-be rulers of the free," some learnedly 
call Machiavelianism ; Gabriel Naude might dignify it with the title of" Refined Politicks;' - 
but, in blunt and honest English, it is small cunning and great hypocrisy. 



SUMMARY VIEWS CURIOSITIES CONCLUSION. 31 

With a few more general sketches of circumstances, as yet omitted, and 
which form the outlines of "the whole ground," I haste to the 

CONCLUSION. 

In addition to the goodness of our soil and the excellence of our timber, we 
have inexhaustible Mineral Waters, (at Ballston and Saratoga,) more effica- 
cious and valuable than the best medicinal springs of Europe. Most kinds of 
clay, lime-stone, sulphur, plumbago, ochre, ising-glass, and flint, are plenty ; 
and, in some parts of the state have been found lead, copper, zinck, tin, py- 
rites of copper and iron, peat, spar, asbestos, rock chrystals, various kinds of 
petrifactions, and some silver-ore. Wild animals both for food and for fur or 
skins, though not so plenty as formerly, yet abound in the unsettled and some 
other parts of the state ; and wild fowls, of most kinds, are still caught iu 
abundance. Our territory (containing more than fifty thousand square miles, 
of which four or five thousand are tualer,*) stretches from the Atlantick the 
whole length of New-England, and spreads along the St. Lawrence and three 
great navigable lakes. Embracing the head-waters of the Ohio, and two 
other large rivers which pass southerly through other states — the whole 
course of the best river in the United States, and, perhaps, in the world — to- 
gether with twenty other rivers navigable by boats and rafts — this State af- 
fords the best passage in the Union, both by land and water, from tide-waters 
to the extensive navigable Lakes of the west. There is not a mountain or 
any great unavoidable hill to pass between Albany and Lake Erie. It is the 
only state, too, (except at the narrow and N. E. extremity,) which extends 
across the whole width of the United States' territory ; and the only spot on 
which the Atlantick and the Lakes can be united by ship-navigation, should 
that ever be thought an object, in any point of view\ This peculiar situation, 
with its other advantages, renders this state highly interesting to the states- 
man, the man of business or enterprise, the emigrant, and the traveller. With 
the latter, especially, the ready and safe conveyance up the Hudson and to 
Lower Canada, and the good roads and accommodations westward, with the 
choice of an easy and interesting passage on the canals, and then from Buffalo 
in the steam-boat to Detroit, or any place on the lakes — will be additional in- 
ducements to visit a country of this description; which (besides many inter- 
mediate sublime natural views and objects) contains on its western confines 
the greatest natural curiosity in the world, \ and in its centre a most splendid 
artificial one: — a country interspersed (exclusive of the great waters before 
named) with more than fifteen lakes, from ten to forty miles in length, and 
numerous smaller ones — exhibiting as great an extent, variety, and beauty of 
inland water-scenery as all the other states together. 

Should this Manual, therefore, have any tendency to render the present 
circumstances, prospects, and advantages of such a country more generally 
known ; its civil divisions and topography more easily understood ; or the lo- 
cal situation of its numerous villages and settlements more readily to be ascer- 
tained ; or should it in any manner prove useful or convenient in offices and 
counting-rooms — at houses of publick entertainment and resort — at places of 
publick business — on the route of the traveller — or in the closet of the citizen 
and student — it will afford no inconsiderable degree of satisfaction to the 
author. 

February 2,0th, 1822. 

* This gives an average of about thirty persons to each square mile of our land. 

t Besides the falls of Niagara — the falls of Genesee river, of the Catskill mountains, of 
Ithaca, of Trenton, and of the Cohoes, are great curiosities ; as are, also, the Rock Bridge 
in Warren county, the Alluvial Way (or Ridge Road) from Genesee falls to Niagara river, 
and the passage of the Hudson through the Highlands. Glen's falls and Lake George itself 
are objects of much curiositj' with all visiters to the Springs and Battle Ground of Saratoga. 
And, in most countries, such objects as the Giant of the Valley, Whiteface mountain, and 
Adgate's falls in Essex county ; Salmon creek falls in Lansing, the high falls of Black 
river, and of Racket river; the Sulphur Springs in Ontario county; and many others, 
would receive minute attention from travellers and naturalists. 



32 

PROGRESSIVE POPULATION 

Of the several Counties in the State, since 1770— with their present number of Members of Assembly. 
The population of all but the ten old counties is according to the censuses next taken after new ones 
were formed. *** Any County below, havmg no figure against it in the first column, elects Assembly- 
men in conjunction rrith suck county as has affixed to it a similar mark to its:tf—as, Hamilton* and 
Montgomery,* ic. [For Senatorial Distriets,'see page!), ante.) 



Names of Counties. \ 


In 1771. 


In 1786. 


In 1790. 


In 1800. 


In 1810. 


In 1820. 


Hamilton* 














1251 


Cattaraugusf 
















458 


4090 


Franklin} 
















2719 


4413 


Richmond 


1 


2847 


3152 


3835 


4563 


5347 


61S5 


Niagaraf 


a 








i 





C132 


7322 


Rockland 


1 











6353 


7758 


8837 


Sullivan** 
















6108 


8900 


Lewis 


1 














6433 


9227 


Alleganytf 
















1942 


9330 


Warren}} 



















9453 


Kings 


1 


3623 


3986 


4495 


5740 


8303 


11187 


Putnam 


1 

















11268 


Clinton} 


1 








■ 





8002 


12070 


Oswego*** 



















12374 


Chautauquef 
















2381 


12568 


Essex 


1 











_ 


9488 


12311 


Schenectady 


2 














10201 


13081 


Broome 


1 





— 








8130 


14343 


Erief 



















15668 


St. Lawrence 


1 














7894 


16037 


Courtlandt 


1 














8793 


16507 


Tioga 


1 











6879 


7899 


16971 


Livingston 


1 












18444 


Tompkins 


gj 

















20681 


Queens 


3 


10980 


13084 


16014 


16393 


19336 


21519 


Steubenjf 


a 











1788 


7243 


21989 


"Greene 


3 











15870 


19541 


22996 


Schoharie 


8 











9808 


18945 


23154 


Seneca 


g 














16609 


23619 


Suffolk 


8 


13128 


13793 


16440 


19494 


21113 


24272 


Delaware 


2 








. 


10228 


20303 


26587 


Monroe 


1 

















26855 


Ulster** 


4 


13950 


22143 


29397 


24855 


26576 


30934 


Herkimer 


5 











14479 


22060 


31017 


Chenango 


3 











15666 


21702 


31215 


Madison 


8 








. 





25144 


32208 


West-Chestei 


3 


£1745 


20554 


24003 


27423 


30272 


32633 


Jefferson 


2 













15040 


32952 


Saratoga 


4 








. 


24483 


33147 


36052 


Montgomery* 5 





15057 


28848 


21700 


41214 


37569 


Albany 


4 


42706 


72360 


75736 


34043 


34661 


38116 


Columbia 


4 


i 





27732 


35322 


32390 


38330 


Washington}} 5 





4456 


14042 


35574 


44399 


33831 


Cayuga 


£ 








15871 


'! , 9840 


38897 


Rensselaer 


5 









30442 


36388 


40153 


Genesee 


8 












12583 


40200 


Orange 


4 


10092 


14069 


18492 


29355 


34347 


41213 


Onondaga 


A 









7406 


26078 


41461 


Otsego 











21636 


38667 


44856 


Dutchess 


P 


> 22404 


[ 32686 


45266 


47775 


51412 


46615 


Oneida*** 


J 









22047 


33828 


50997 


Ontario 


1 






107S 


15218 


42026 


61185 


New-York 


11 


2116? 


5 23614 


S3131 


00489 


96372 


123706 


Total, 


m 


i 16333( 


238904 


34012C 


586141 


959049 


1372812 



33 
COMMON SCHOOLS, 1821.— VALUATION. 

Note.— The 1st column of figures in this Table exhibits the No. of towns and cities— 
The 2d, the No. of School-districts in the towns which have made reports to the 
Secretary of State, who is now, ex officio, Superintendent of Common Schools — 
The 3d, the No. of districts which have reported — 
The 4th, the average No. of months schools were kept — 

The 5th, the amount (in dolls.) of money rec'd in the districts which have reported — 
The 6th, the No. of children taught in such districts — 
The 7th, the No. of do. between 5 aud 15, residing in same districts — 
The 8th and last, the amount of the Assessors' Valuation of real and personal pro- 
perty, in dollars — All for 1321. 

V* Hamilton county is included in Montgomery ; and the Valuations for Rich' 
mond and Franklin are only estimates, the returns not being received. 



Albany 


8 


121 


120 


JO 


4862 


6758 


7600 


7484647 


Allegany 


11 


83 


63 




769 


2280 


2341 


816984 


Broome 


8 


123 


99 


7 


1711 


4393 


4079 


1747397 


Cattaraugus 


10 














1702549 


Cayuga 


13 


181 


175 


8 


4911 


11287 


11217 


2591726 


Chautauque 


11 


128 


85 


6 


975 


3868 


3331 


1G98415 


Chenango 


17 


226 


201 


7 


4550 


11220 


9551 


3231330 


Clinton 


6 


48 


41 


8 


1373 


2199 


2434 


1298322 


Courtlandt 


10 


116 


106 


7 


2396 


6063 


5462 


1790964 


Columbia 


14 


171 


157 


10 


4744 


8487 


9670 


6612886 


Delaware 


17 


176 


156 


7 


3400 


8061 


7683 


3801970 


Dutchess 


16 


212 


193 


10 


6860 


10239 


10872 


11964749 


Erie 


13 


105 


74 


6 


1253 


3726 


3566 


2208928 


Essex 


14 


92 


87 


7 


1825 


3885 


3838 


965079 


Franklin 


6 


35 


32 


7 


639 


1340 


1314 


600000 


Genesee 


26 


235 


228 


7 


2840 


11829 


10156 


4694634 


Greene 


10 


102 


92 


9 


2728 


4374 


5915 


4433874 


Herkimer 


15 


159 


144 


8 


4349 


9278 


9230 


5183913 


Jefferson 


18 


165 


139 


7 


3071 


8444 


8000 


2483671 


Kings 


6 


17 


17 


10 


1063 


662 


2515 


3513164 


Lewis 


8 


57 


54 


6 


1043 


3005 


2803 


1598689 


Livingston 


12 


113 


91 


7 


1740 


5110 


5391 


2177901 


Madison 


12 


172 


162 


8 


4848 


11600 


9851 


3192165 


Montgomery 


15 


186 


169 


8 


5354 


9389 


11333 


5076345 


Monroe 


14 


159 


143 


7 


2522 


3610 


7955 


3249194 


New- York 


1 








14738 


6609 




68285070 


Niagara 


7 


40 


22 


6 


169 


1184 


1130 


1184547 


Oneida 


21 


267 


242 


8 


6831 


15894 


14491 


5869632 


Ontario 


21 


325 


235 


8 


6379 


17737 


17513 


6358473 


Onondaga 


12 


203 


199 


8 


5816 


12968 


12866 


2952400 


Orange 


11 


172 


154 


10 


5482 


8177 


11299 


7792753 


Oswego 


12 


100 


75 


7 


1283 


3691 


3275 


1422519 


Otsego 


21 


256 


250 


8 


6257 


14622 


13443 


4919378 


Putnam 


5 


65 


56 


7 


1441 


2420 


3210 


1746602 


Queens 


6 


55 


53 


11 


2867 


2127 


5169 


5876775 


Rensselaer 


i4 


172 


163 


10 


5659 


10577 


11801 


6634920 


Richmond 


4 


17 


17 


11 


870 


777 


1844 


670000 


Rockland 


4 


34 


27 


10 


1050 


1339 


2252 


1856404 


Saratoga 


19 


182 


181 


9 


1910 


10297 


10663 


5324310 


St. Lawrence j. 


17 


137 


100 


6 


1249 


4186 


3992 


1864089 


Schenectady 


6 


44 


43 


9 


1193 


2328 


2735 


1845850 


Schoharie 


9 


123 


108 


9 


2997 


5669 


6697 


2534937 


Seneca 


7 


124 


91 


8 


3186 


6575 


6581 


3193266 


Steuben 


15 


156 


136 


6 


1943 


5645 


5956 


1654097 


Sullivan 


7 


54 


48 


& 


1129 


1969 


2308 


1325171 


Suffolk 


9 


108 


92 


7 


2430 


5003 


5276 


4889474 


Tioga 


9 


131 


98 


7 


1808 


4654 


4563 


1959604 


Tompkins 


7 


105 


100 


7 


3621 


6872 


7021 


1332240 


Ulster 


13 


114 


107 


9 


3791 


5184 


7529 


2259716 


Warren 


9 


64 


52 


6 


890 


2175 


2376 


1098767 


Washington 


16 


231 


216 


7 


5684 


12711 


11599 


4997021 


West-Chester 


21 


143 


139 


3 


3673 


5482 


7624 


8105942 


Grand Total 


613 


6,659 


5,882 


8 


157,195 


332,979 


S39,258 


241,983,532| 



34 



BANKS IN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. 

[IO= See Article, " BANKS," on page 17, ante.'] 



Title of Bank. 

1 Bank of New-York 

2 Bank of Albany 

3 Bank of Columbia 

4 Manhattan Company 

5 Farmers' Bank 

G New- York State Bank 

7 Merchants' Bank 

8 Mohawk Bank 

9 Bank of Hudson 

10 Mechanicks' Bank in ] 
the city of N. York \ 

11 Union Bank 

12 Mechanicks' Si Far- ' 
mers' Bank in the 
city of Albany ' 

13 Bank of Troy 

14 JlnOffi.ce of Discount j 
&, Deposit of Do. at < 

15 Middle District Bank 

16 An Office of Discount j 
Si Deposit of Do. at < 

17 Bank of Newburgh 

1 3. An Office of Discount j 
St Deposit of Do, at < 

19 Bank of Utica 

20 AnOffice of Discount \ 
&, Deposit of Do. at \ 

21 Bank of America 

22 Phoenix Bank 

23 City Bank of N.York 

24 Ontario Bank 

25 Branch of Do. at 

26 Bank of Lansingburgh 

27 Cattskill Bank 

28 Bank of Orange Co. 

29 Bank of Niagara 

30 Jefferson Co. Bank 

31 Bank of Geneva 

32 Bank of Auburn 

33 BankofWashington \ 
and Warren \ 

34 Bank of Pittsburgh 

35 Greene County Bank 

36 Central Bank 

37 Bank of Chenango 

38 Franklin Bank of the ) 

city of New-York £ 

39 Bank for Savings in \ 
the city of N. York $ 

40 Albany Savings Bank 

41 Bank for Savings in 
the village of Utica 

42 North River Bank of 
the city of N. York 

43 Office of Discount fy 
Depositof theU.S.B. 



When in 
corporat- 
ed. 



1791 
1792 
1793 
1799 
1801 
1803 
1305 
1807 
1808 

1810 

1811 

do. 

do. 



do. 



do. 



1812 



Amount ol 
Stock au- 
thorized. 



Ot which 
state sub- 

cribed. 



1120000 
360000 
200000 

2050000 
345000 
680000 

1470000 
205000 
325000 

2000000 

1800000 



630000 30000 



550000 50000 



65000 

45000 

20000 

50000 

30000 

180000 

180000 

5000 

15000 



550000 



450000 



1000000 



do. 6060800 
do. 700000 
do. J200000I 
1813 500000 



do. 
do. 
do. 



240000 
400000 
400000 



1816 400000 



do. 

1817 

do. 

do. 

do. 
1818 
do. 
do. 

do. 

1819 
1820 
1821 

do. 

1816 



400000 
400000 
400000 

400000 

300000 

90000 

200000 

200000 

500000 



50000 



50000 



00800 



20000 



Do Uoll 

&. Acad 
may sub 



55000 
55000 
20000 

15000 
40000 
40000 

10000 



20000 



500000 

S Cap. of mother bank at f 
I Philad. 35,000,000 > 



Place ivhere. 



New- York 

Albany 

Hudson 

New-York 

Troy 

Albany 

New-York 

Schenectady 

Hudson 

New-York 

Do. 

Albany- 
Troy 
Waterford 
Poughkeepsie 
Kingston 
Newburgh 
Ithaca 
Utica 
Canandaigua 

New-York 

Do. 

Do. 
Canandaigua 
Utica 

Lansingburgh 
Cattskill 
Goshen 
Buffalo 
Adams 
Geneva 
Auburn 

Sandy Hill 

Plattsburgh 
Cattskill 
Cherry-Valley 
Norwich 

New- York 

Do. 
Albany 
Utica 

New-York 

Do. 



NEW-YORK 

[City,]*f 
containing 
Ten Wards, 
which in elec- 
tions, taxes, &c. 
constitute 
Ten Towns ; 

and 
74 places of pub- 
lick worship ; 
and 2 Colleges. 



So 

NEW-YORK CITY AND COUNTS, 

(being Manhattan or York Island, with Blackwell's, Manning's, Great and Little Barn, and 

other small islands, in York Bay and East River,) 
Is bounded N. by Hudson's river and West-Chester Co. E. by Spuyten Devil creek orHaer- 
lem river, and by low water mark on the Long-Island side of East river; S. by East 
river and York Bay ; and W. by the New-Jersey line on Hudson's river ; containing 123,700 
inliabUants, ol whom 516 are Slaves. 

Towns. Inhab. Villages and other places. 

( flcer/eni ; f . 136 

Bloomingdak ; 139 

Manhattanville ; 1 35 

Elgin [Botanick Garden;] 140 

Inclebergh ; 
Peterslield ; 
Rose Hill ; 
Bellevue ; 

Mount Vernon ; 140 

Haerlem Heights ; 
Fort Washington at ) 
Mount Washington ; £ 
> 123,706 ) Fort Prince ; Fort Tryon ; 
Fort George ; North Fort ; 
Fort Gansevoort ; 142 

Fort Wood, on Bedlow's Island ; 140 

Crown Fort, on Ellis's Island ; 
Fort Columbus and ) ^ , T , , 

Castle Williams, on \ Governor's Island; 
Castle Clinton, or West Battery ; 144 

Bussing's Point ; 

Kingsbridge ; 130 

Hell-Gate ; 137 

Corlaer's Hook ; 144 

Kip's Bay ; 141 

[ Greenwich, (a) 
(a) This village is now nearly merged in the compact City itself, and will soon lose its 
distinctive character and name in the general mass of population and buildings. The rapid 
march of improvement has also swept away " Richmond Hill" and other eminences, cover- 
ing their sites with streets and dwellings. 

, ROCKLAND COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Orange Co. E. by Hudson's river, which separates it from West-Ches- 
ter Co. and S. W. by New-Jersey ; and contains 3,837 inhabitants, of whom 124 are Slaves. 
Rivers, fyc. — Part of Hudson's, Hackinsack, Passaick, and Ramapough rivers; the Slote 
creek, &.c. 
Mountains, fyc. — Part of the Highlands, Nyak Hills, &,c. 
Towns. Inhab. Villages and other places. 

3 Clarkstown ; f 130 

New City, at Rockland Court-House ; * 
Slaughter's Landing ; 
[ Verdrietige Hook. 
f 2 Ramapough ; f 
j New Antrim ; 

Kakiak ; 
I Dater's Works. 
Wayntsburgh ,• 
Suffernsville ; 
Gibraltar ; 
Old Fort Clinton ; 
Smith's Landing ; 
Stoney Point ; 
Dunderbergh. 
Tappan; f 
Slote Landing ; 
Nyak ; 
Greenbush. 



Clarkstown 



Hampstead 



Haverstraw f 



Orangetown \ 



1G03 



2072 



2700/ 



2257 



128 



126 

JIG 
114 

121 

120 
127 

127 



36 



Towns. 



Brookhaven t 



5218 



SUFFOLK COUNTY, (on Long-Island,) 

Is bounded N. by L. I. Sound, E. and S. by the Ocean, and West by Queens County ; and 
contains 24,272 inhabitants, of whom 323 are Slaves. 

Bays, fyc. — Huntington Bay, Gardeuer's do. Great Peconick do. Great West do. Great 
South do. Shinnecaugh do. Toad do. Bull- Head do. Mecoxdo. Quonick do. Drown Meadow 
do. Setauket do. Stoney Brook harbour, Aeabontick do. Three mile do. Ronconcoma Pond, 
Sagg Pond, &c. 

Rivers, fyc. — Peconick, Connecticut, Patchogue, Nissaquague, Conetquot, and Oriwauke 
rivers — Mattatuck creek, &c. 

Inhab. Villages and other places. 

'2 Setauket ;\ 202 

3 Patchogue ; -j- , 204 

3 Stoney Brook ; 200 

Millers Place : 210 

Coram ; 204 

Old Man's ; 207 

Moriches ; f 126 

Fireplace (or Carman's ;) f 212 

Middle Isla7id (or Middletoion ;) f 207 

West Middle Island (or New Settlement ;) 
3 Drown Mt adoio ; \ 204 

Rocky Point ; 213 

JVeio Village, (or West Fields;) 

Blue Point ; 

Brookfield, on St. George's Manor ; 

Old Field (or Sharp) Point ; 

Smith's Point at Mastick ; 

"Crane Neck ; 

Mount Misery ; 206 

Squantick ; 

Bald Hill. 
S East- Hampton ;f 256 

Ammeganset ; 

Accobonnuck ; 

Wenseoat ; 

North West ; 

Gardiner's Island ; 

Montauk [Point ;] « 

Napeage Harbour. 
'2 Huntington;} 184 

2 Babylon, or 
Huntington South ; 

3 Queens Village, on Lloyd's Neck ; 
Cold Spring Harbour; 
Crab Meadow (or the Hook ;) f 

' Half- Hollow Hills ; 
Cow Harbour ; 
Dixhills ; f 
Commack ; 
Eaton's Neck ; 
West Hills. 
3 Islip ; 195 

Nichols's Patent ; 
Oak, Cap Tree, Grass, 
and Fire Islands, 
f 3 Riverhead (and Suffolk C. H.) * t 2S4 

Wading River ; 
' Ocquebogue ; 
Baiting Holloic. 



East-Hampton 



1616 



Huntington 



4944 



f 



182 



Islip f 



Riverhead 



1156 



1857 



J7 



Towns. 



SUFFOLK COUNTY Continued. 

Inbab. Villages and other places. 

(3 The Branch (C. C. O.) 



Smithtown f 



Southhold 



195 



2868 •{ 



South-Hampton 4229 < 



Shelter-Island 



Hauppausrue ; 
Mills's Pond; 197 

1874 \ Head of th^ Harbour 
at Sherriwaugh ; 
The River, or Philips' s Mills ; 192 

Winnecomick. 

Southhold ; f 244 

Sterling ; 
Mattatuck ,*f 

Oyster Pond Point ;\ 259 

Cutchogue ; f 

Fisher's, Robin, Plum, Gull, Ram, ? 
and Little Hog Neck Islands : £ 
Harshamomoque. 
1 Sagg-Harbour [inc.] (Dep. C. C. 0.)+ 244 
3 Bridge- Hampton ; f 

West-Hampton ; j 
3 South- Hampton ; \ 
Flanders ; 
Sagg ; 
Mecoxe ; 
Canoe-Place ; 
Hog's Neck ; 
Shinnecaugh Plains ; 
Speyunk ; 
Qjiogue ; 
Beaverdam. 
389 Shelter and Great Hog Neck Islands, 244 



RICHMOND COUNTY, (being Staten Island,) 

Is bounded N. by Newark Bay or Arthur Kull Sound, E. by York Bay, 
S. by the ocean, and W. by the aforesaid Bay or Sound, which separates it 
from New-Jersey ; and contains 6,135 inhabitants, of whom 532 are slaves. 
Creeks, fyc. — Fresh-kill and other small creeks. 



Towns. 

Castletown f 
Northfield 

Southfield 
Westfield 



Inhab. 



Villages and other places. 



' 1 Tompkinsville, at the > 
Quarantine Ground ; £ 
[ Clove Hills. 

> Shooter's Island & Meadows ; 
\ Blazing Star Ferry. 
■ 2 Richmond ;* (a) 
3 Old Town; 

Fort Richmond, 

Fort Hudson, & 

Fort Tompkins ; 

Signal Hill ; 

Great Kills. 

Prince's Bay ; 

Manees Point ; 

Ward's Point ; 

Smoaking Point; 
\, Amboy Ferry. 

(a) Part of the village of Richmond is in Northfield. 



1527 



1980 



1012 



1616 



at the 
Narrows. 



151 



157 



154 



3« 



166 



17S 



OJ/EENS COUNTY, (on Nassau or Long-Island,) 

Is bounded N. by Long-Island Sound, E. by Suffolk Co. S. by the Ocean, and 
W. by Kings Co. and East river ; and contains 21,519 inhabitants, of whom 
559 are slaves. 

Bays, fyc. — Rockaway, Parsonage, Merrick, Jerusslem, Cow, Jamaica, Oys- 
ter, and Little Neck Bays ; Hempstead Harbour, Oyster Bay do. Cold Spring 
do. Flushing Bay ; Newtown Creek, &c. 

Towns. Inhab. Villages and other places. 

f2 Flushing [inc.] f 159 

Whitestone ; 

Black Stump; 
Flushing 2230 (b) <J Little Neck ; 

Little Neck Bay ; 

Lawrence Neck & Point; 
I Flushing Alley ;} 
|'2 Hempstead ; f 
3 Near Rockaway ; 

Rockaway Beach; 

Raynortown ; 
3 Jerusalem ; (a) 
Hempstead 5034(b) Hempstead South ;f 

Merrick's, on Whale Neck ; 

Rockaway Neck ; 

Hempstead Plains ; 

Rum Point ; 
L Hog Island ; 

C 1 Jamaica [inc.] t 156 

Jamaica 2110 (b) I Springfield ; 

( Little Plains. 

r 2 Oyster-Bay; \ 175 

3 Jericho (C. CO.) f 
3 Norwich; 
3 Buckram; 

Musqueto Cove ; 

Cedar Swamp ; 

Wolver-hollow ; 

Bethpage ; 

Wheatley ; 

Mill Neck ; 

Mill-River Hollow ; 

Latlingtown, or Probascos ; 

Dosoris (or Coles's Mills ;) 

Rocky Point ; 

Oak Neck ; 

Duck Pond; 

Cove Neck ; 

Motts' Cove ; 

Fort Neck ; 

East Woods; 

Cow Harbour; 

Matinicock Point ; 

Unqui.u (or Unkawa) Neck ; 

Hog, Cow, and other Islands ; 

South Oyster-Bay ;| 172 

^ Great Plains. 



Oyster-Bay 4725 (b) < 



(a) This village is on or near the line of Oyster-Bay ; but chiefly, I believe, if not wholly, 
within the limits of Hempstead, as Mr. Eddy lays it down. 



39 



North -Hempstead f 2750 (b) i 



Newtown 2437 [b) i 



QUEENS COUNTY Continued. 

Inhab. Villages and other places. 

f Queens Court-House ;* 165 

3 Hempstead Harbour ; 

Success Pond ; 

Westbury ; 

Herrick's ; 

Plandome ; 

Head of Cow-Neck ; f 

Great Neck ; 

Harbour Hill ; 

Sands's or Watch Point ; 

Haviland's (or Hewlet's) Point; 

Barker's Point; 
^ Cow Bay. 

f2 Newtown; 152 

3 Newtown Landing ; 

Dutch Kills ; 

Hallet's Cove; 

Sunswick ; 

Riker's Island ; 

The Two Brothers (Islands ;) 
^ Fort Stevens. 

in the county) having 1 been taken 



(b) Census of 1810— that of 1820 (which gives an increase of 21 
and returned en mass, and not by towns. 



Brooklyn 



7175 



145 



145 



KINGS COUNTY, (on Long-Island,) 
Is bounded N. by East river, E. by Queens Co. and Jamaica Bay, S. by the 
Ocean, and W. by York Bay and East river ; and contains 1 1,187 inhabitants, 
of whom C79 are slaves. 

Towns. Inhab. Villages and other places. 

r l Brooklyn [inc.] ) ir r n », 
with 4 churches $^' u - u, J t 

Bedford ; 

United States' Navy Yard, ) 
at the Wallaboght ; £ 

Bompus Hook ; 

Yellow Hook ; 

Red Hook ; 

Fort Swift ; 

Guanos' Bay ; 

Fort Greene ; 

Fort Lawrence. 
3 Williamsburgh ; 144 

Bushwick ; 
( English Kills. 

( 2 Flatbush ; * \ 149 

1027 < New Lotts ; 
( Prospect Hill. 
^ 3 Flatlands; 151 

Canasy Landing ; 

Barren and other Islands. 

Gravesend 1 54 

Schryer's Hook ; 

Gravesend Bay ; 

Gravesend Point ; 

Coney. Plumb, and other Islands. 
's JYeu- Utrecht ; 151 

Bath- Ho use ; 

Nyack Point ; 

Fort Diamond, in the Narrows ; 153 

Fort Lewis. 



Bushwick 



Flatbush 



Flatlands 



Gravesend 



New-Utrecht 



930 



512 



iS4 



(3 



1009* 



40 

WEST-CHESTER COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Putnam Co. E. by Connecticut and Long-Island Sound, S. by East River, and W. 
by Haarlem and Hudson's riv#rs, the former separating- it from the city and Co. of New-York, and the 
latter from New-Jersey and Rockland Co. and contains 52,638 inhabitants, of whom 205 are slaves. 

Rivirs, tf-c. — Croton, Bronx, Mamaroneck, Mahanus, Hutchins's, and Saw-Mill rivers; and part of 
Hudson's, Peekskill, Haerltm, and Byrain rivers; Long-, Byram, and Rye ponds, &.c. 

Islands. — Captain's Island, and the other smaller islands in the Sound between Throg's Neck and 
Connecticut. [Some hilly country.] 

Villages and other places. 

3 Bedford. * \ 125 

( 1 Peekskill [inc.] f 115 

j S Courtlandtoum, at Croton ; f 121 

■t Coilebergh ; 

Fort Favette, at Verplanck's Point ; 
(^ Teller's Point. 
( East- Chester ; t 
) Bronx, f 

< 2 Tarrytown ; ISO 
\ Tuckahoc. 

North Street. 
3 Mamaroneck.\ 140 

< 2 Sing-Sing; 125 
\ Sparta. 

122 



( 3 New-Rochelle ; f 141 

J New-Rochelle Landing ; 

1 Rodman's Neck, or Island ; 

^ Hewlett's, and Whortleberry Island : 

North- Salem, f 
( Hart, High, Hunter's, Appleby's, 
I and New-City Islands. 

(3 Satv-Pits, (at Byram River ;) f 1S8 

\ Rye;\ 

«{ Parsonage Point ; 

Captain's, and other Islands ; 
^ King Street. 

Cross-River, f 
3 Somers. f 
f2 West- Farms;] 140 

! 3 West- Chester ; 
J Morrissiana ; 
| Throg's Neck ; 

Manpr of Fordham ; 
^ Hunt's Point. 

White- Plains, t 1S5 

( 3 Pkilipsburgh ; 
< Old Fort Independence ; 
( Valentine's Hill. 

Pine's Bridge. 



Towns. 

Bedford 


Inhab. 

2432 


Courtlandt 


3421 


East-Chester 


1021 


Greenburgh t 


2054 


Harrison 
Mamaroneck 


994 
878 


Mount-Pleasant t 


3684 


North-Castle t 
New-Castle 


1480 
1368 


New-Rochelle 


1135 


North- Salem 


1165 


Pelham 


283 


Poundridge 


1357 



Rye 



Scarsdale 
South-Salem t 
Somers 



West-Chester 

White-Plains 
Yonkers t 
Yorktown t 



1342 



329 
1423 
1841 



2162 

675 
1586 
1992 



PUTNAM COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Dutchess Co.— E. by Connecticut— S. by West-Chester Co. — and W. by Hudson's 
river, which separates it from Orange Co. — and contains 11,268 inhabitants, of whom 49 are slaves. 

Rivers, ^-c. — A part of Hudson's, Peekskill, and Croton rivers; Mahopack and Crum ponds, &c. 

Mountains. — Part of the Highlands. 



Towns. 

Carmel 


Inhab. 

2247 


Villages and other piac.es. 

1 Carmel. * t 


108 


Kent 


1801 






Patterson 


157U 


2 Patterson, t 


106 


Philipstown f 


3733 


[ 3 Cold Spring Landing ; 

3 Pleasant Valley ; 
< Danford Cove ; 

Old Fort Constitution ; 
V Anthony's Nose. 

S Milltown. 


102 
106 


Southeast t 


1909 





41 

ORANGE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. and N. W. by Sullivan Co. N. by Ulster Co. E. by Hudson's river which separates it 
from Dutchess and Putnam Go's. S. E. by Rockland Co. S. and S. W. by New-Jersey, and W. by 
Delaware river (which separates it from Pennsylvania) and by Sullivan Co. and contains 41,213 inhabit- 
ants, of whom 1,125 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks. Ponds, &c. — Part of Hudson's, Wallkill, Nevesink, Mongaup, and Ramapough rivers ; 
part of Shawangunk kill and Warwick creek; Chambers's and Moordenar's creeks; Otter, Rutger's, 
and Poplopen's kill, &c. Thompson's, Wickham's, Duxedo, Cedar, and Sterling Ponds ; also, part of 
Long Pond, the Drowned Lands, &c. 

Mountains. — Part of the H' 
Towns. 



: Highlands and Shawangunk mountains ; the Scunnemank mountains. 
Inhab. Villages and other places. 



Blooming-Grove 



2219 



Cornwall 



Deerpark 



Goshen 



Minisinkf 



Montgomery 



Monroe f 



Newburgh 



New-Windsor 



Warwick 



Wallkill r 



3020 



1340 



3441 



5053 



5541 



2969 



5812 



2325 



4506 



4887 



( Oxford ; 

j 3 Salisbury [Mills ;] t 

Washingtonville, at ? 
j Blooming Grove ; \ 

Craigsville ; 
{ Gray Court. 

Cornwall Landing ; 

Canterbury ;t 

Bethlehem ; 

Fort Putnam ; ? 

Fort Clinton ; at \ 

Fort Montgomery ; 

Butter-milk Falls ; 

Butter-Hill ; 

Paoli. 
S Deerpark ; t 
I Peenpack. 
( 2 Goshen [inc.] * f 
I 3 Chester ;\ 
i Sugar-Loaf; 

Dolsentown ; 
I Hamptenburgh. 
f 3 West-town ; f 

Smith's Village; 
', Brookfield ; 

Otisville ; t 

Carpenter's Point ; 

Bridgeburgh ; t 

Green eville ; t 

2 Montgomery [inc.] 

at Wardsbridge ; 

Coldenham ; t 

Searsburgh ; 

The Clove ; 
y Monroe Works ; f 
\ Orange Nail Factory ; 
( Augusta Works. 
f 1 JVewburgh [inc.] ) $ 

with 4 churches ; S 
^ Middletown ; 

Hampton ; 
(^ Gardnertown. 
" 3 New Windsor ; 

Little Britain. 

3 Warioick ; t 
3 Florida ; t 

Amity ; t 
Bellevale; 

Sterling Iron Works ; 
Merritrs Island. 
3 Scotchtown; 
Philipsburgh ; t 
Middletown ; t 
Mount Hope. I 

G 



112 

106 

108 



West Point ;T 105 
112 



106 



122 



125 



95 



118 



88 



97 

118 
114 



(08 



42 

DUTCHESS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Columbia Co. and Massachusetts, E. by Connecticut, S. by Putnam Co. 
and W. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Orange and Ulster Counties ; and con- 
tains 46,615 inhabitants, of whom 772 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, Ponds, ^c— Part of Hudson's river ; part of Roehff Jansen's kill ; Wap- 
pinger's, Oblong, Wassaick, Sprout, Crum Elbow, and Ten Mile Creeks ; Saw kill, Londst- 
man's kill ; Slissing_and Whaley's ponds, &C. 

Mountains fyc— Fishkill and West Mountains; Break Neck Hill in the Highlands, Sic. 



Towi 



Armenia f 



Beekman 

Clinton 
Dover f 



Inhab. 



3144 



4257 



6611 
2193 



Fishkill 



8203 



Freedom (a) 

Hyde-Park (b) 
Milan f 
Northeast f 
Pawlings f 

Poughkeepsie 

Pleasant-Valley (b) 



1797 



2037 



1804 



5726 



Villages and other places. 
Oblong; { 
North Amenia ; t 
Amenia Union Society, f 
Beekmanville ; + 
The Clove ; 
Apoquague. 
Pleasant Plain. 
Dover Plains. 
(2 Fishkill ;f 

IS Fishkill Landing; 1 
De JVinVs Landing ; 
Fishkill Upper Landing ; 
Carthage, at Low Point ; 
New Hackensack ; 

4 Hopeivell ; 
Matteaivan ; 
Middlebush ; 
Gay head ; 
Snarlingtown ; 
Fishkill Hook ; 

^ Johnsville ; 

5 Osivego ; 
I Verbank. 

C2 Hyde- Park ;\ 

I Staatsburgh ; f 

I De Cantillon's Landing, 

C 3 Pine-Plains ; 

< West Northeast ; f 

( Spencer's Corner, f 

Quaker Hill, t 
( 1 Poughkeepsie, [inc.] 
'. with 5 churches. 

J 3 New-Hamburgh — at } , 
' Wappinger's Creek ; \ * 

Speckenkill; 
^ Barnegat. 

2 Pleasant- Valley [inc.] f 
( 2 Rhinebeck Flats ; f 



2729 



2714 ^ 



i 3 



I 



Rhinebeck Landing ; 

Lewis's Landing ; 

Wirtembergh. 

Red-Hook ; t 

Upper Red-Hook ; f 50 

Upper Red- Hook- Landing ; f 

Lower Red-Hook-Landing. 

Bengal ; 72 

Attlebury ; f 

Cold Spring. 
(3 Mechanick;\ 8C 

J 3 Hartsville ; \ 
» Lithgow ; 
^ Washington Hollow, t 
fa) and (b) The population of Freedom is included in that of Fishkill and Beekman, ait: 
«ie population of Hyde-Park and Pleasant- Valley in that of Clinton, 



Rhinebeck 



Red-Hook 



Stanford 



Washington f 



2518 



2882 



43 

ULSTER COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Delaware Co.— N. by Greene Co.— E. by Hudson's river, which separates it from 
Columbia and Dutchess Counties— S. by Orange County— and W. by Sullivan Co.— and contains S0,934 
inhabitants, of whom 1528 are slaves. . 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc— Part of Hudson's and VVallkill rivers ; Esopus Creek; Big and Little Shandakjn 
rivers ; Rondout kill (or river) ; Sagh kill, Tlatte-kill, Goodbeer's kill, itc. Shen's lake, &C. 

Mountains. — Part of the Shawangunk and Cattskill (or Blue) Mountains. 



Towns. 



Esopus 



Hurley 



Kingston 



Marlborough 



Marbletown 



New-Paltz 



Plattekill 
Rochester f 



Shandakan f 



Saugerties 



Shawangunk f 
Woodstock | 



Warwarsing 



Inhab. 



1513 



1S52 



2956 



.2248 



3309 



4614 



2139 



20G2 



1043 



2699 



3372 



1312 



1811 



Villages and other places. 

C 3 Esopus ; \ 

< Rosendale ; 
( Pelham. 

/■ 2 Hurley ; f 

\ Bloomendale ; 

} Young Hopewell ; 

( Beaverkill ; Swartkill, 

/• l Kingston [inc.] * f 

\ Kingston Landing ; 

\ Columbus; 

(. Waghkunk. 

f Marlborough ; 

) Milton ; 

# Latintown. 

/ Marbletown ; f 

N Stoney Ridge ; 

\ Greenkills ; 

(. Tangore ; Shokan. 

f 3 Springtown ; 

Old-Paltz ; \ 
\ 3 New-Paltz ; \ 
"] 3 New-Paltz Landing ', f 

Poppletown ; 
I Lewisburgh. 

Pleasant-Valley. 
C Newtown ; 
} Pinebush ; f 
( Mombackus. 
J Big Shandakan ; 
$ Little Shandakan. 
f 2 Saugerties ; | 
f 3 Glasgow; 
•^ Bristol ; 
I Caatsbaen, at West-Camp ; 
^ Flatbush. 
C 3 New Hurley ; ] 

< Bruynswick ; f 
( Centreville. f 

$ Yankeytown ; 

I Bristol Glass Works. 

C 3 Warwarsing ; ] 

< Leurenkill ; 
( Napenagh. 



69 



67 



65 



90 
72 
74 
71 
69 
78 



83 



85 

84 



52 
50 
47 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. 

Is bounded W. and N. W. by Montgomery Co.-N. and N. E. by Saratoga Co. and Mohawk nver-S. 
andS L E. ^by Albany Co.-and W. by Schoharie Co.-and contains 13,081 inhabitants, of whom 102 are 

61 fi^r,,Cree/fc*,*c.-Part of Mohawk river, of Schoharie creek, of Norman's kill, of Aelplaats kill 
and some smaller creeks. 

Villages and other places. 

Scotia. 

Prospect Hill ; 
Lake Maria. 
Niskayuna. 
Princetown. | 
Mohawk Flats. 
Containing two wards, Union 
rCity] * t $ ua ^ }. College, and 5 churches. 



Towns. 

Glenville 

Duanesburgh f 

Niskayuna 
Princetown 
Rotterdam 
SCHENECTADY ? 



Inhab. 
2514 

1510 



516 
1073 

1529 

3939 



DELAWARE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by (be Susquehannah and Charlotte rivers, which separate it from Otsego Co.— N. E. 
by Schoharie Co.— E. by Greene Co.— S. E. and S. by Ulster and Sullivan counties— S. and S. W. by 
Delaware river, which separates it from Pennsylvania, and W. by Broome and Chenango counties; 
and contains 26,587 inhabitants, of whom 56 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of the Delaware, Susquehannah, and Charlotte rivers ; part of Beaver 
creek; the Cookquago and Papachton branches of the Delaware; Little Delaware river; Oleout 
creek, &,c [Considerable mountainous country.] 



Towns. 
Andes f 
Bovina ] 
Colchester f 
Davenport 
Delhi 
Franklin 

Harpersfield 
Hancock t 
Kortwright 
Meredith | 

Middletown I 

Masonville f 
Roxbury \ 

Stamford J 

Sidney | 

Tompkins 

Walton 



Inhab. 
1S78 
1267 
1064 
1384 
2285 
2481 

1884 

525 

2543 

1375 

1949 

719 

3488 

1495 

1107 
1206 
1432 



Villages and other places. 

Trempersville. 
Fishlake. f 
Papakunk. 

1 Delhi [inc.] * | 
3 Franklin, f 

3 Harpersfield ; ] 
South-Harpersfield. f 

Kortwright ; \ 
Bloomville. | 

Pakatakan ; 
Hardenbergh's Mills ; 
New Kingston : 
Dry Brook. 

Beaverdam. | 

2 FVaterville ; (a) \ 

3 Roseville ; ] 
Head of Delaware 
Sidney Plains, f 

3 Deposit, at the Cookhouse ; f 

Cannonsville. 
2 Walton. ] 



91 

70 
78 
56 



62 



60 



104 
110 



85 



(«) Waterville lies partly in Harpersfield and Kortwright. 



SULLIVAN COUNTY 

Js bounded N. W— N.— and N. E. by Delaware and Ulster Counties— E. by Ulster and Orange Coun- 
ties ; b. by Orange Co. and Delaware river; and W. by Delaware river, which separates it from Penn- 
sylvania ; and contains 8,900 inhabitants, of whom 69 are slaves. 

Braers, Cretins, *c.— Part of Delaware and Nevesink rivers; Mongaup river; the principal branches 
of Beaver creek ; Ten Mile river ; Kalikoon creek ; and other smaller streams. 

Mountains, fyc— Part of the Shawangunk mountains, and much hilly country. 



Towns. 

Bethel j 
Liberty 
Lumberland 



Inhab. 

1096 
851 

569 



Mamakating t 2702 

Nevesink 1380 

Rockland 406 

Thompson 1897 



Villages and other places. 
3 Cochecton ; } 
White Lake. | 
JLdberty. 

jYarrotvsburgh ; 
Ten Mile River. 

2 Bloomingburgh ; j 

3 Burlingham ; 
3 Rome; 



I 



1 Monticello ; * \ 
3 Thompson ; 

Bridgeville ; 

Forrestburgh. 



1S5 

12S 

140 

100 

96 

100 



115 



120 



4o 



ALBANY COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Schenectady Co. N. by Mohawk river, which separates it from Sara- 
toga Co. E. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Ransselaer Co. S. by Green Co. 
and W. by Schoharie Co. and contains 38,1 16 inliahitants, of whom 413 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc— Part of Hudson's, Mohawk, and Cattskill rivers ; Norman's kill, 
Coeyman's kill, Vlaman's kill, Boza kill, and part of Haenecray kill ; Bethlehem and Black 
creeks, part of Fox creek, &.c. &.c. 

Mountains, fyc. — The Hellebergh mountains. 

Towns. Inhab. 

ALBANY [city] *f 12,630 



Bethlehem 



Bern f 

Coeymans f 

Guilderlandt f 
Knox (a) 
Rensselaerville 



Watervliet f 



Westerlo 



5114 



5531 

2872 

2270 

3435 



I 

I 

2806 «{ 



3458 



Villages and other places. 
< Five wards, and 12 places ? 
I of publick worship. $ 

( Neio Scotland ; 
j Bethlehem ;\ 
{ Salem ; 
j Cherry-Hill ; 
^ White-Hall ; 
C 3 Union Village ; 
I Beaver-Dam ; 
( New Johnstown. 
( 3 Coeymans Landing ; 
\ Coeymans Square. 

Hamilton. 

(a) Taken from Bern since the Census. 
3 Rensselaerville. \ 
( 2 Gibbonsville ; 



Washington ; 

The Boght ; 

Part of Nishayuna ; 

Cohoes Falls ; 

Green Island ; 

Van Schaick's Island. 



3 

6 

1 

2 

21 



14 



25 
G 
5 
C 

11 
8 
6 
8 



GREENE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Schoharie Co. N. by Albany Co. E. by Hudson's river which separates 
it from Columbia Co. S. by Ulster Co. and W. by Delaware Co. and contains 22,996 inliabi- 
tants, of whom 134 are slaves. 

Rivers, ^c— Cattskill river, Kaater's kill, part of Schoharie and Hudson's rivers, &c. 

Mountains. — Most of the Cattskill or Blue mountains are in this county. 

Villages and other places. 

2 Athens [inc.] + 31 
f 1 Cattskill [inc.] * f 36 
j 3 Madison ; 
■{ 3 Jefferson ; 

Kiskidom ; 
{ East Kaater's kill Falls. 37 

( 3 Coxsackie ; f 25 

I Coxsackie Landings ; SL3 

3 Cairo, f 37 
( 3 Durham ; t S3 
1 Oak Hill ; f 

( South-Durham, f 36 

X 3 Greeneville ; f 26 

I Freehold, f 

5 Hunter ; f 45 

I West Kaater's kill Falls. 
J Lexington ; \ 43 

\ Lexington- Heights, f 
$ 3 Neu- Baltimore ; \ 18 

I Stanton Hill. 

3 Windham. \ 38 



Towns. 
Athens 



Cattskill 

Coxsackie 
Cairo 

Durham 



Inhab. 
2030 



3510 



2253 
2353 

2980 



Greeneville 


2374 


Hunter 


1025 


Lexington 


1798 


New-Baltimore 


2036 


Windham 


2536 



46 

COLUMBIA COUNTY 

Is bounded N.by Rensselaer Co. E by Massachusetts and Dutchess Co. S. by Dutchess Co. 
and W. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Ulster and Greene counties ; and contains 
38,330 inhabitants, of whom 761 are slaves. 

Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Hudson's river, Green river, Kinderhook creek, Klein's 
kill, Abram's creek, Stone creek, RoelifF Jauseirs kill, Dove kill, Taghconick creek, he. Cook- 
pake, Fish, Charlotte, and Whiting's Lakes. 

[Part of Taghconick mountain, and considerable hilly country.] 



Towns. 
Ancram 


Tnhab. 
3076 


Austerlitz 


2355 


Claverack 


2813 


Canaan 


2079 



Chatham f 



3378 



Clermont 


1164 


Germantown 
Ghent 


891 
2379 


Hudson 


4860 


Hillsdale f 


2511 


Kinderhook 


3913 


Livingston f 


19S8 


New-Lebanon 


2827 



Taghconick 



3600 



Villages and other places. 

Ancram [Iron works.] 

Austerlitz ; f 
3 Green River; 

Spencertown. \ 
3 Claverack ; 

Churchtown. 

Canaan, f 

Chatham 4 Corners ; \ 

Federal Stores , 

Masher's Mills ; 

New Britain. 

Clermont ; f 

Clermont- House. 

East-Camp. 

Ghent, f 

1 HUDSON [city,] two wards, 

6 churches, and 2900 inhab. 
Nobletown. 

2 Kinderhook ; f 
Kinderhook Landing ; f 
Columbiaville (a) 

3 Johnstoicn ; f 
Oak-Hill. 

3 New-Lebanon ; f 

New-Lebanon Springs; 
Two Shaker Villages ; 
Moffit's Store, P. O. f 
Taghconick Flatts ; 
Unity Mills ; 
Linlithgow. 



52 

26 
28 
27 
32 
36 
25 
22 
18 
20 
2S 

48 
50 

30 

38 
20 

22 

40 

37 
28 
29 



4& 



(a) Part of this village is within the limits of Hudson. 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Montgomery Co. E. by Schenectady and Albany counties, S. E. by Greene 
Co. S. and S. W. by Delaware Co. and W. by Otsego Co. and contains 23,154 inlwbitants, of 
whom 302 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Schoharie creek, Cobels kill, Fox creek, and other streams : 
together with the little lake Utsayanthey, and the head-water of the Cookquago Branch of 
Delaware river. 
Mountains, fyc. — Part of the Cattskill mountains. 

Villages and other places. 
North Blenheim — > , 
late Breakabeen. J ' 
3 Livingstonville ; j 
Gilboa. f 
Lawyersville. f 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Blenheim t 


1826 


Broome 


2680 


Cobelskill f 
Carlisle t 
Jefferson 


2440 
1583 
1573 


Middleburgh 


3782 


Schoharie 


3820 


Sharon 
Summit. 


3982 
1468 



43 

S& 
41 



Strasburgh. 
3 Middleburgh Bridge ; f 
West Middleburgh. f 

1 Schoharie [C. H.] * t 

2 Esperance [inc.] at ? , 

Schoharie Bridge ; I ' 

3 Sloansville. f 
Beekmanville.. 



40 

38 

44 
34 

26 

30 



47 

RENSSELAER COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Washington Co. — E. by Vermont and Massachusetts. — S. by 
Colwmbia Co. and W. by Hudson's river, which separates it from Albany and 
Saratoga counties; and contains 40,153 inhabitants, of whom 483 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Hudson's river, and part of Hosick river ; Poes- 
ten-kill, Wynans-kill, Little Hook creek, Quacken-kill, Tomhanick creek, 
Sankanissick creek, Moordenaars-kill, Tackewassick-kill, Tierken-kill, &c. 
Sand-lake, &tc. &c. 

Mountains, Sfc. — Petersburgh and Hosick mountains. 



Towns. 

Berlin 
Brunswick 

Greenbush 

Grafton 

Hosick t 



Inbab. 
1986 

2318 

2764 
1611 
3372 



3 Berlin, f 



Villages and other places. 



Lansingburgh 


2035 


Nassau 


2873 


Petersburgh f 


2248 


Pittstown 


3372 


Stephentown f 


2593 


Sand Lake 


3302 


Schodack 


3493 


Schaghticoke f 


2522 


TROY [city] * \ 


5264 



C 3 Greenbush [inc.] f 

< Bath ; 

( U. S. Cantonment. 

S3 Hosick Falls ; 
Hosick 4 Corners ; 
Mapletown. 

< 2 Lansingburgh [inc.] ? , 
\ with 4 churches. \ T 
X 3 JYassau ; \ 

I Brainerd's Bridge, f 
Rensselaer's Mttls. 
( Pittstown ; f 
I Tomhanick. | 

( 3 Sand Lake ; t 

< 3 Rensselaer ; 
( Poeslenkill. 

X Schodack Landing ; t 

I Castlelon. t 

1 3 Schaghticoke Point ; 
\ Spiegel-Town. 

C Four Wards — and 6 churches 

2 Mount Ida Falls ; 
( Wynans-kill. 



15 
11 

1 
1 
2 
17 
30 
29 
83 

8 

11 

25 
21 
18 

cist 

10 
12 

9 

8 

20 

11 

6 

7 



CLINTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lower Canada — E. by Lake Champlain, which separates 
it from Vermont — S. by Essex Co. and W. by Franklin county ; and contains 
12,070 inhabitants, of whom 2 are slaves. 

Rivers, fyc. — Big and Little Chazy rivers, Little Sable river, Saranac river, 
part of Great Sable river, &c. 

Lakes, Bays, 8fc. — Part of Lake Champlain, Chateaugay lake, the pond at 
Chazy head, Cumberland Bay in Lake Champlain, &c. 



Towns. 

Beekmantown 
Champlain 

Chazy 
Mooers 

Plattsburgh 



Peruj 



Inhab. 
1340 

1616 

2313 

567 

3519 



2710 



Villages and other places. 

( 2 Champlain ; ♦ 
\ Point au Fer ; 
^ Rouse's Point. 
( 3 Chazy ; \ 
I Duerville. 

( 1 Plattsburgh [inc.] * f 
J Salmon River ; 

Cumberland Head ; 

Crab Island. 

Union Village ; 

Hackstaff's Mills ; 

Peru Landing ; 

Valcour Island. 



102 

196 

186 
180 
190 
170 
166 



162 
163 



48 

WASHINGTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by Lake George, which separates it from Warren Co.— 
N. by Essex Co. and by Poultney river, which separates it from Vermont — 
E. by Lake Champlain and Vermont — S. by Rensselaer Co. — W. by Hud- 
son's river (which separates it from Saratoga Co.) and by Warren Co. and 
contains 38,831 inhabitants, of whom 150 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Hudson's, Poultney, Pawlet and Hosick rivers ; 
Batten-kill river ; [North] Wood creek ; Moses, East, White, and Black 
creeks, part of Half Way brook, k.c. 

Lakes, fyc. — Part of Lakes George and Champlain, Big Pond, South 
Bay, &c. 

Villages and other places. 

3 Argyle;\ 45 

Fort Miller. ] 43 

Cambridge ; \ 35 

Buskirk's Bridge, f 

Part of Union Village. 33 

3 Fort-Ann [inc.] f 60 

Fort-Edicard. \ 52 

2 Union Village [inc.] 34 
Franklinton. 35 
Granville ; ] 60 

3 Fairvale, or North-Granville. j 61 
South- Granville. 55 

70 



Towns. 

Argyle 

Cambridge 

Easton t 

Fort-Ann 

Fort-Edward 

Greenwich f 



Granville 



Inhab. 
2811 

2491 

3051 
2911 
1613 

3197 



3727 



Hampton 

Hartford \ 

Hebron t 
Jackson t 

Kingsburyf 

Putnam 

Salem 

Whitehall 

White-Creek 



963 

2493 

2754 
2004 

2203 

892 
2985 

2341 

2377 



East Hartford ; 
West Hartford. 
West Hebron. | 

2 Sandy-Hill [inc.] * \ 
Kingsbury. 
Hutton's Bush. 

1 Salem [inc.] * \ 

2 Whitehall [inc.] \ 
Little White-creek ; 
Walloomscoick. 



54 

52 



76 
46 
70 
36 



WARREN COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Essex Co. — E. by Lake George and Washington Co. — S. 
by Hudson's river and Saratoga Co. and W. by Hamilton Co. and contains 
9,453 inhabitants, of whom 7 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, o/c. — Part of Hudson's river, part of the North branch of the 
same, part of Schroon river, part of East Stoney creek, part of Half Way 
brook, &c. 

Lakes,Sfc. — Part of Lake George, part of Schroon lake ; Brandt lake, Friends 
lake, Loon lake, French pond, &c. 

Mountains, &fc. — Crane's mountain, Canada and Oak mountains, North 
West Bay and Tongue mountains, the mountains around Lake George, and 
much other mountainous country. 

Villages and other places. 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Athol 


570 


Bolton f 


1087 



Caldwell 



Chester | 

Hague \ 
Johnsburgh 
Luzerne f 
Queensbury 
Warrensburgh 



r23 



1013 

514 

727 
1430 
2433 

956 



Narrows of Lake George. 

Caldicell ; * t 

Fort George, and 

Fort Wm. Henry. 

Chester. 

Natural Stone Bridge. 



2 Glen's Foils. 



67 
70 

62 



83 
90 
88 
85 
55 
53 
72 



49 



SARATOGA COUNT* 

Is bounded N. by Warren and Washington Counties, N. and E. by Hudson's 
river, which separates it from Washington Co. S. by Mohawk river, (which 
separates it from Albany and a part of Schenectady Co.) and also by the north 
line of Schenectady Co. and W. by Montgomery and Hamilton Go's, and 
contains 36,052 inhabitants, of whom 123 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Hudson's, Mohawk, and Sacondaga rivers ; 
Kayaderassoras, Fish, and Glowegee creeks ; part of Chuctenunda creek ; 
Snock kill, Anthony's kill, Dwars kill, Mourn kill, part of Aelplaats kill, &c. 
Lakes, Sfc. — Saratoga, Long, and Round Lakes : Owl Pond, &.c. 
Mountains, fyc. — The Kayaderassoras mountains, and other hilly country in 
the northern parts of the county. 

Inbab. Villages aud other places. 

( 3 Ballston ; t 23 

2047 I Ballston Hill (old C. H.) 
/ Burnt Hills. 



Towns. 



Ballston 



Concord f 


571 






Charlton 


1953 


3 Charlton, f 


24 


Corinth 


1490 






Edinburgh f 


1469 




55 


Greenfield t 


3024 




37 


Gal way 
Hadley 


2579 
798 


Galway. f 

Hadley, at Jessup's Landing, f 
( The Borough; 
Middletoion ; f 


S3 
56 
17 
IS 


Halfmoon 


4024 


<! Ridersville ; f 
Newtown ; 








[ Clifton Park. 


14 


Malta t 
Milton 


1518 

2779 


Dunning-Street. i 
< 2 Ballston Spa [inc.] * f 
I 3 Milton. 


25 

26 

29 


Moreau t 


1549 


Baker's Falls. 


51 


Northumberland f 


1279 


Palmertown. f 


44 


Providence f 


1515 




34 






( 3 Stillwater [inc.] 1 
J 3 Mechanicksville ; f 


22 






18 


Stillwater 


2821 


I Rogers's Mills ; \ 

Ketchum's Corners ; f 














l^ Bemus's Heights. 




Saratoga | 
Saratoga Springs 
Water ford 


2233 
1909 
1184 


Schuylersville. f 
2 Saratoga Springs, f 
1 Waterford [inc.] t 


32 
9 


Wilton 


129S 







FRANKLIN COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Canada, (and reaching St. Lawrence river on its N. W. corner,) E. by 
Clinton Co. S. and E. by Essex Co. S. by Essex and Hamilton Counties, and W. by St. 
Lawrence Co. and contains 4,439 inJiabitants, but no slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, tyc. — Salmon river, Little Salmon river, East branch of St. Regis river, 
part of St. Regis (main) river, and the head waters of Rackett river, Trout river, Chateau- 
gay river ; with Saranac lake, part of Tupper's lake, and several other small lakes and ponds. 
[Much mounto-inous country in the south part of the county.] 



Towns. 


Inbab. 


Villages and other place 


s. 


Bangor (• 


370 




230 


Chateaugay 


828 


< 2 Chateaugay ; f 

I Chateaugay 4 Corners. 


210 


Constable \ 


637 




221 


Dickinson 


495 


Moira. f 


225 






C 2 French Mills ; f 


2S5 


Fort Covington 


979 


< 3 Fort Covington ; f 


334 






( Part of St. Regis Village, 


240 


Malone 


1130 


1 Malone. * f 

7 


220 



50 



ESSEX COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Franklin and Clinton Counties, E. by Lake Champlain, which separates it 
from Vermont, S. by Warren Co. and W. by Hamilton and Franklin Counties ; and contains 
12,811 inhabitants, of whom 3 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Great Sable river and its branches, Schroon river, part of 
Hudson North Branch, Boquet river, Gilliland's Creek, the Outlet of Lake George, &c. 

Lakes, Bays, fyc. — Part of Lake Champlain, a small part of Lake George, part of Schroon 
lake, Paradox lake, Auger, Rattlesnake, and Worm Pond, &.c. Bay of Peru and North 
West Bay, both in Lake Champlain. [The pond or small lake at the Head of Hudson 's river 
lies in the west part of Essex and in the corner of Franklin.] 

Mountains, fyc. — Great p»rt of the Peruvian mountains, so called ; the Giant of the Valley ; 
Whiteface Mountain ; and much hilly country. 



Towns. 

Chesterfield f 

Crownpoint t 
Danville (a) 

Elizabethtown 



Essex 



Inbab. 
667 
1522 



889 



1225 



Jay 


1647 


Keene t 


605 


Lewis f 
Minerva 


779 
271 


Moriah 


842 


Schroon f 


888 


Ticonderoga 


1493 


Westport 
Willsborough 


1095 
888 



Villages and other places. 

S Adgate's Falls ; 
I Schuyler's Island. 

Fort Crownpoint. 

(a) Population included in Jay. 
C 1 Elizabethtown (C. H ) ) * ^ 

< at Pleasant-Valley ; > 
£ Valley Forge. 

t 2 Essex ; t 

< Brookfield ; t 
( Split Rock, t 

3 Jay. t 
C Elba Iron Works ; 

< Great Plains ; 
( The Flatts. 

Mount Discovery. 
Dorninick. 

< Moriah ; t 
I Pendleton. 

( 3 Ticonderoga ; f 
1 Fort Ticonderoga ; 
j Mount Defiance ; 
^ Mount Hope. 

3 Westport. t 

3 Willsborough. f 



159 



12S 



130 



139 



150 
142 



156 



115 
112 



130 
145 



BROOME COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Courtlandt Co. E. and N. by Chenango Co. E. by Delaware Co. and 
river ; S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Tioga Co. and contains 14,343 inhabitants, of whom 
25 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, &r. — Part of the Delaware, Susquehannah, Chenango, Tioughniogha and 
Otselick rivers : part of Owego creek : Nanticoke, Oghquago, and Chocoanut creeks. 
[Some mountainous country.] 



Towns. 
Berkshire f 

Chenango 
Colesville (a) 

Lisle 

Owego 
Sanford (a) 

Union 

Windsor (a) f 



Inbab. 
1502 

2626 

3053 
1741 

2037 
3354 



Villages and other places. 

Westville. 
I Binghamton [inc.] — 
\ at Chenango Point ; 
\ 3 Colesville ; t 
1 Harpersville. t 
] 3 Lisle ; t 

Chenango Forks, f 

2 Owego. t 
Randolph, t 
Union ; t 
Nanticoke ; t 
Chocoanut. 

3 Oghquago. t 



*t 



160 

148 

125 
121 

132 

170 
127 
150 
154 

128 



fa) The population of Sanford and Colesville is included in that of Windsor. 



Inliab. 



51 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Hamilton Co.— E. by Saratoga Co.— S. by Schenectady, Schoharie, and 
Otsego Counties, and W. by Herkimer Co. and contains 37,569 inhabitants, of whom 349 
are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, &c— Part of Mohawk river, part of Sacondaga river, part of Schoharie river 
or creek, part of East Canada creek, Garoga creek, Stoney creek, Otsquago creek, Chuc- 
tenunda creek, West Stoney creek, Canajoharie creek, Nowadaga creek, &c. 

Lakes, Ponds, fy-c. — Lakes or ponds at the head waters of East Canada and Garoga 
creeks, and other ponds in the north west part of the county. 

[Some part of the country is mountainous, near the Mohawk, and in the north west part of 
the county.] 

Villages and other places. 

3 Amsterdam ; f 

Fort Johnson. 

Fonda's Bush. 
3 Voorheisville ; f 

Smilhstown ; 

Corrystown. f 
3 Canajoharie ; f 

Bowman's creek ; { 

Frey's Bush. 

Florida ; f 

Warren's Bush ; 

Fort Hunter — at } 

Old Mohawk Town. S 



Amsterdam 


S171 


Broadalbin f 


2428 


Charleston f 


5365 


Canajoharie 


4677 



Florida 



2745 



17 
3d 
38 
40 



50 



35 



SS 



( 1 Johnstown [inc.] * f 
j 3 Caughnawaga ; f 



Johnstown 

Bfayfield 
Minden f 

Northampton 
Oppenheim 
Palatine 
Stratford 



6527 <{ 



2025 



1954 



Kingsborough ; 

Tripe's Hill ; 

Albany Bush ; 
( The Nose. 
J 2 Mawsonsville [inc.] f 
) May field, f 
\ Fort Plain ; 
I Otsequago. 
f 3 Northampton — at ) , 
the Fish House ; \ ' 
1291 •{ Cranberry Creek ; f 

Mount Joy ; 

Great Fly (or Vlaie.) 

St. Johnsville. f 
(2 Palatine ;| 
| S Stone Arabia ; 
<j Palatine- Bridge ; f 

Ephrata ; 
{ Lasselsville. | 



3045 



3936 



I 



407 



41 

59 
45 

37 



42 



55 



44 



07 
54 
52 
50 
51 
48 
60 



HAMILTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties — E. by Essex, Warren and Saratoga 
Counties — S. by Montgomery and Herkimer Counties, and W. by Herkimer Co. and contains 
1,251 inhabitants, of whom 2 are slaves — [in 1814, only 556 souls.] 

Rivers, Lakes, fyc. — Head waters of Rackett, Moose, Sacondag-a, and Jessup's rivers; 
head waters of some branches of Hudson's river ; Piseeka river, and many creeks. Long, 
Piseeka, Pleasant, Oxbow, and other lakes and ponds. 

[A great deal of high and mountainous country] 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Hope 

Lake-Pleasant 

Wells 


608 
312 
331 



Villages and other places. 



1 Lake-Pleasant. \ 



66 



ILT Note. — This county was set off from Montgomery in 1816, but is not to be organized, or 
act separately, till it shall contain 1288 taxable inhabitants, qualified to vote for members of 
assembly— until which time, it remains under the jurisdiction of Montgomery. 



OTSEGO COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Oneida, Herkimer, and Montgomery Counties— E. by Schoharie Co. — 
S. E. and S. by Charlotte and Susquehannah rivers, which separate it from Delaware Co. — 
and W. by Unadilla river, which separates it from Chenango and Madison Counties ; and 
contains 44,856 inhabitants, of whom 16 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, &c. — Part of Susquehannah, Unadilla, and Charlotte rivers ; and But- 
ternut, Otego, Shenevas, Cherry-Valley, Oaks, Fly, and Wharton creeks, &c. 

lakes.— Otsego Lake, and Caniaderago or Schuyler's Lake. 
[Considerable mountainous country.] 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Burlington 


2457 


Butternuts 


1601 


Cherry-Valley 
Decatur \ 
Exeter f 
Edmeston f 


3684 

908 

1430 

1841 


Hartwick 


2579 


Laurens 


2074 


Middlefield \ 


2570 


Milford 


2505 


Maryland t 
New-Lisbon f 


1439 

2221 



Otsego 



Otego + 
Plainfield f 
Pittsfield f 
Richfield t 
Springfield 

Unadilla 

Worcester t 
Westford t 



4186 



1416 
1611 

830 

1772 
2065 

2194 

1938 
1526 



Villages and other places. 
3 Burlington. \ 
3 Butternuts ; f . 

Louisville, 
2 Cherry- Valley [inc.] f 



Mount Edmeston. 
< 3 Harhvick ; f 
I Peth. 
3 Laurens. 1 

Clarksville. f 
$ 3 Milford ; t 
I Milfordville. t 

Cromhorn Hills. 

Garratsville. f 
f 1 Cooperstown [inc.] * f 
j 3 Oaksville ; f 
\ Schuyler's Lake ; 
J Hopeville ; f 

Pierstown ; 
( Fly Creek. 



Loydsville. y 



Springfield, f 
5 3 Unadilla ; t 
I Hamburgh, t 

Shenevas Flats. 



77 

90 

53 

59 

84 
70 

78 
61 

71 

64 
81 
64 



67 



76 
81 
72 
58 
100 

56 
57 



COURTLANDT COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Onondaga Co. — E. by Madison and Chenango Counties^ 
S. by Broome Co. — and W. by Tompkins and Cayuga Co's. — and contains 
16,507 inhabitants, of whom 3 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — The Tioughniogha river, (or Great West branch of 
the Chenango) and its branches ; part of Otselick river ; part of Skaneateles 
lake, &tc. [Some hilly country.] 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 




Cincinnatus f 


885 




138 


Freetown 


663 






Harrison 


807 


3 Harrison, t 


140 






C 1 Homer ; f 


145 


Homer 


5054 


I 2 Courtlandt Village ; * | 


144 






( Port-Watson. 


143 


Preble f 


1257 




148 


Scott 


755 




153 


Solon | 


1262 




134 


Truxton 


2956 


S Truxton. j 


140 


Virgil f 


2411 




154 


Wilier 


4S7 




137 



53 



HERKIMER COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by St. Lawrence Co.— E. by Hamilton and Montgomery Counties— S. by 
Otsego Co. — and W. by Oneida and Lewis Counties ; and contains 31,017 inhabitant?, of 
whom 72 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, kc. — Part of Mohawk river ; West Canada creek and branches ; part of 
East Canada creek ; the head waters of Black, Independence, Beaver, and Moose rivers; 
the head waters of one branch of Oswrgatchie river, and of Unadit.a river, &c. 
[Some mountainous country north of the Mohawk.] 



Towns. 

Columbia t 
Danube \ 

Fairfield 
Frankfort t 
Germanflats 

Herkimer 

Litchfield t 

Manheim | 

Newport 

Norway 
Russia t 

Salisbury t 

Schuyler 
Warren | 
Winfield 



Inhab. 
2051 
S187 

2610 
1860 
2665 

3055 

1729 

1777 

1746 

1612 
1685 

1438 

1837 
2013 
1752 



Villages and ether places. 



Van Home's Mills ; 
Old Indian Castle. 
2 Fairfield ; f 
Eaton's Bush. 



Germanflats — at 
Fort Herkimer 

1 Herkimer [inc.] * f 

2 Little- Falls [inc.] t 
Shell's Bush. 
Norwich Society ; 
Sumner Society ; 
Litchfield Springs. 

3 Newport ; j 
Middleville. J 

3 Norway. ] 

I Yankey Bush. 
\ Pine Bush. 

Little-Lakes. 
Winfield. 



74 
63 
68 
76 



77 
70 



88 
59 
88 
81 
92 
100 
78 
75 
86 
64 
82 



TIOGA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Steuben andTompkins Counties, E. by Broome County, S. 
by Pennsylvania, and W. by Steuben County, and contains 16,971 inhabitants, 
of whom 104 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fee. — Part of Susquehannah and Tioga rivers ; Cayuta, But- 
ler's, Newtown, and Cattetant creeks ; and part of Owego and other creeks. 
[Some mountainous country.] 

Villages and other places. 
3 Speedsville ; \ 176 

Cantine's Settlement. 



Towns. 


lnhab. 


Caroline | 


1608 


Cayuta 
Candor f 
Chemung ] 


1889 
1655 
1327 


Catherines 


2478 


Danby ] 


2001 


Elmira t 


2945 


Spencer 


125 


Tioga 


1816 



f 3 Catherinestown ; | 
J Johnson's Settlement ; j" 
I Mallory's Settlement ; 
V Dutch Settlement. | 

( I JYeivtown ; * \ 
I Big Flatts. | 
J 2 Spencer ; * \ 
\ Spencer-Corners. | 
Smithborough. f 



185 

198 
208 



210 

190 
190 
180 



54 



ONEIDA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Oswego and Lewis Counties — E. by Herkimer Co.— S. by Otsego anu 
Madison Counties — S. W. and W. by Madison Co. and Lake Oneida, and W. by Oswego 
Co. and contains 50,997 inhabitants, of whom 9 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Oneida creek, and part of Mohawk and Black rivers ; part 
of (great) Fish creek, wth all its western branches ; Oriskany creek ; part of West Canada 
creek ; (West) Wood creek ; Nine Mile creek ; Cincinnati creek ; Saghdequada (Saghquate, 
or Saughquoit) creek; Skenandoa creek, &c. 

Lakes, fyc. — Part of Oneida Lake. 

[No mountains, and but little hilly country.] 



Towns. 



Augusta 

Boonville 

Bridgewater 

Camden t 

Deerfield 

Florence 

Floyd 

Lee 



Paris 

Rem sen t 
Rome 

Sangerfield 

Steuben 

Trenton 

Utica 



Inhab. 



2771 

1291 
1533 

1294 
2346 
640 
1498 
2186 



6707 

912 

3569 

2011 
1461 

2617 

2972 



Villages and other places. 

Augusta ; | 

New Stockbridge, > 
(Indian Settlement.) £ 
Boonville. | 
Bridgewater. | 
Taberg. \ 
Deerfield. 



( 3 Clinton — seat of ? , 
Hamilton College. £ ' 
Paris- Hill ;| 
Hanover ; 
Saughquoit ; f 
Paris Furnace ; t 
Brothertown (Ind. Vil.) 
Manchester, f 



Rome — on the site ? r . -, # , 
of Fort Stanwix. $ Linc,J T 

WrighVs Settlement. 

JVaterville ; 

Sangerfield (centre.) j 

Steuben, f 

Trenton — alias ) r . -. , 

Oldenvarneveldt. J LlnC-J T 

Utica- ron the site oQ 
Fort Schuyler, (C. C. \ [inc.] \ 
O.) with 4 churches. ) 



112 

114 

120 
85 

92 

104 
118 

102 

104 
106 

98 



117 

108 



96 
94 



108 



93 







CS 


Vernon ; f 


110 


Vernon 


2707 


] 


Oneida Castleton (Ind. Vil.) > , 
and P. O. called " Oneida." 5 T 


114 






( 






( 
t 


Verona ; t 


112 






Skenandoa ; j 


115 


Verona 


2447 


i 


Fort Royal — at > 
Wood creek Landing ; y 
Fort Bull ; 


121 






Fort Rickey. 




Vienna \ 


1307 






125 


Westmoreland 


2791 




Hampton. \ 


107 






(2 


fVhitesborough [inc.] * f 


96 


"Whitestown 


5219 


1 a 

i 


JYew- Hartford ; \ 
Middle Settlement ; 
Oriskany. t 


96 

98 

102 


Western f 


2237 




Elmer's. | 


116 



55 

JEFFERSON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. by St. Lawrence river and the Thousand Islands, N. and N. E. by St. 
Lawrence Co. E. by Lewis Co. S. by Oneida Co. and W. by Lake Ontario ; and contains 
32,952 inhabitants, of' whom 5 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc.— Part of Biack, Indian, and Owegatchie rivers ; Chaumont river ; 
Stoney Creek, North Big Sandy creek, Soutli Big- Sandy creek, Perch creek, Sic. 

Lakes, Bays, <^c— Part of Lake Ontario; several small lakes near Indian river ; Hungry 
Bay, Chaumont Bay, Black river Bay, Sackett's Harbour, Henderson's Harbour, &c. 

Islands.— Part of the 1000 Islands, and those mentioned below. 



Towns. 


Inbab. 


Adams 


2467 


Alexandria (a) 




Antwerp t 
Brownville 
Champion 


1319 
3990 
208p 



Ellisburgh 



Hounsfield 



Henderson 

Le Ray 

Lorraine f 



Lyme 



Orleans (a) 
Pamelia t 

Philadelphia (a) 

Rodman 
Rutland t 
Watertown 
Wilna t 



3531 



Villages and other places. 

3 Adams, t 

Alexandria ; 

Grand, Wolf, and other Islands. 

Oxboiv. | 
3 Brownville. \ 

Champion, t 

Ellisburgh ; t 

Wardwtll ; f 

Ellisville. 



f 1 Sackett's Harbour [inc.] f 
3429 •{ Fort Tompkins and > 
Madison Barracks. 5 



1919 

2944 
1112 



I 

( 4 



Naples — at \ . 

Henderson Harbour. S 
Stoney and Galloop Islands. 



1724 { 



4 Le Raysville. 

Carlton Island ; t 
I 4 Cape Vincent, at \ , 

Gravelly Point ; 5 T 

Port Putnam ; 

Chaumont ; t 
*> Grenadier and Fox Islands. 



1342 


Williamstown.\ 




\ Teresa, at the High Falls ; 
1 Friends' Settlement. 


1735 

1946 

2766 

648 


4 Whitesville. 
Tylersville. 
SL Watertown, [inc.] * \ 
4 CarthageA 



160 
200 

180 
175 
160 
155 



176 



180 

175 

200 
196 

185 

174 

184 
178 

768 
171 

158 



(a) These 3 towns were taken from Brownville, since the census of 1 820. 

LEWIS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by St. Lawrence Co. E. by Herkimer Co. S. by Oneida Co. W. by Oneida 
Co. and W. and N. W. by Jefferson Co. and contains 9,227 inhabitants and no slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, &ic. — Part of Black and Moose rivers; parts of Independence and Beaver 
rivers ; the head waters of (Great) Fish creek, and of Indian river, Great Salmon creek, and 
Mohawk river; the head waters of one branch of Oswegatchie river ; Deer creek, Otter 
creek, he. with some small lakes or ponds. 

150 
145 
142 
135 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 


Denmark t 


1745 


Copenhagen. 


Harrisburgh t 


520 




Lowville 


1943 


1 Lowville. f 


Leyden t 


1812 




Marti nsburgh 


1497 


2 Martinsburgh. * \ 


Pinckney t 


507 
1 


[ 3 Turin ; f 


Turin 


1812 < 


The High Falls ; 
) Coxeville. 



Watson (a) 



(a) Taken from Leyden in 1821. 



56 
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. W. and N. by St. Lawrence river, E. by Franklin Co. S. by Hamilton and Herkimer 
Co's. and S. W. by Herkimer, Lewis, and Jefferson counties ; and contains 16,037 inhabitants, of whom 
8 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fyc— Part of St. Lawrence (or Iroquois) river ; Osvvegatchie, Grass, Racket, and St. 
Regis rivers ; part of Indian river ; and sundry smaller streams. 

Lakes, fyc. — Black Lake, Cranberry Lake, part of Tuppers lake, and several smaller lakes at the head 
of Oswegatchie, Grass, and Racket rivers, and near Indian river; Chippeway bay, kc. [Some moun- 
tainous country.] 

Villages and other places. 

Canton ; f 

Tiie Natural Canal. 

De Kalb—hte ? ^ 



Canton 



De Kalb 

Fowler ] 

Gouverneur 

Hopkinton 

Louisville 

Lisbon 

Massena 



Russel 



Rossie 



Inhab. 
1337 

709 



605 
765 
581 

331 
930 
944 



Madrid \ 


1930 


Morristown 


827 


Oswegatchie 


1661 


Parishville 

Pierrepontf 

Potsdam 


594 

235 

1911 



486 



Williamstown. 
Kilkenney. f 
Gouverneur. \ 
Hopkinton. f 

Louisville — late ) 

Racketon, at the falls. 5 
Lisbon ; \ 
Indian village. 
Massena ; f 
Chesterfield, f 



202 



200 



5 2 Waddington ; f 
}S Col 



869 { 



Columbia. \ 
Morristown. f 

1 Ogdensbwgh [inc.] * f 
Fort Van Rensselaer ; 
Fordsville. 

3 Parishville. f 

2 Potsdam, j 

3 Russel ; f 
De Witt, f 

f 3 Rossie [Iron Works ;] f 
Port Madras, on 



Stockholm f 



822 



i 



(Jhippeway Bay : 
Part of the 1 000 Islands. 



192 

225 

235 

220 

250 

232 
227 
198 
212 

220 
208 
227 
190 

194 
206 

230 



OSWEGO COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Jefferson Co. E. by Lewis and Oneida Co's. S. by Oneida Lake and r>ver, and Onon- 
daga and Cayuga Co's. and W. by Cayuga Co. and Lake Ontario; and contains 12,374 inhabitants, 
and no slaves. 

Rivers and Creeks. — Oswego and Salmon rivers ; part of Oneida river, Salmon, Grindstone, Catfish, 
Little Sandy, Scriba, and other creeks ; the head waters of the west branches of Fish creek, &c. 

Lakes, fyc. — Part of Ontario and Oneida lakes; Fish lake; Sandy creek Bay, Four mile Bay, &c. 



Towns. 

Constantia f 

Granby \ 
Hannibal J 

Mexico f 

New Haven f 
Orwell f 
Oswego 
Redfield t 

Richland f 

Scriba t 

Volney 
Williamstown. f 



Inhab. 

767 

555 
935 

1590 

899 
488 
992 
336 

2728 



741 



1691 
652 



Villages and other places. 

3 Rotterdam ; f 
Fort Brewerton. 



Mexico Point ; 
Four Corners. \ 



1 Oswego. * f 

^ 2 Pulaski ; * 
I Sandy Creek. \ 
C 3 East Oswego ; 
< Fort Osvego ; 
( Old Fort Ontario. 
3 Ostoego Falls.} 



140 
160 

177 

172 
180 
170 
180 

175 

180 



165 



67 

CHENANGO COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Madison Co. E. by Unadilla river, which separates it from 
Otsego Co. and by Delaware Co. S. by Broome Co. and W. by Broome and 
Courtlandt counties ; and contains 31,215 inhabitants, of whom 7 are slaves. 

Rivers, fyc — Part of the Chenango, Susquehannah, Unadilla, and Otselick 
rivers. [Some hilly country.] 

Towns. Jnhab. Villages and other places, 

C3 Bainbridge ; t 115 

Bainbridge 2290 < Bettsburgh ; t 124 

( South Bainbridge. f 



Columbus t 


1805 




as 


Coventry t 


1432 




122 


German t 


2675 


South German, f 


115 


Greene 


2590 


Greene. ] 


ISO 


Guilford 


2175 


$ 3 Guilford ; t 

I Mount Upton, t 


104 
106 


Lancaster 


2366 


S 3 Lancaster, late \ r -, 
\ New Berlin. J L ,nc -J 1 


90 


Macdonough 


789 






Norwich 


3257 


S 2 Norwich [inc.] * \ 
\ North Norwich. 


100 


Otselick t 


526 






Oxford 


2317 


( 1 Oxford [inc.] t 
I Knappsburgh. i 


119 


Pharsalia f 


873 




114 


Plymouth t 


1496 


Frankvitte. 


107 


Preston 


1092 




108 


Sherburne 


2590 


3 Sherburne, t 


98 


Smithville 


1553 




118 


Smyrna t 


1S90 




105 



STEUBEN COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Ontario Co. E. by Seneca Lake, which separates it from 
Seneca and Tompkins counties, and by Tioga Co.— S. by Pennsylvania, and 
W. by Allegany Co. and contains 21,989 inhabitants, of whom 46 are slaves. 

Rivers, Lakes, Creeks, fyc. — Part of Tioga (or Chemung) river ; Conhocton 
and Canisteo rivers ; and Mud, Canoe, Tuscarora, Conicodeo, and other creeks ; 
part of Seneca Lake and Crooked Lake ; Mud, Loon, and Little lakes, &c, 
[Some mountainous country.] 



260 
250 
255 



234 



2S2 
220 
225 
267 

228 



Towns. 
Addison 


lnhab. 
651 


Villages a 


Bath 


2578 


1 Bath [inc.] * t 


Canisteo 


891 


3 Canisteo. t 


Conhocton f 


1560 




Dansville 


1565 


3 Dansville. f 


Howard 


1140 




Hornellsville (a) 




2 Ark Port, t 


Jersey 


912 


Jersey. 
f2 Painted- Post; i 


Painted -Post 


2088 


\ Campbelltown ; 
] Lindsleytown ; 1 
^ Erwintown. 


Prattsbnrgh 


1377 


3 Prattsburgh. 1 


Pulteney t 


1162 




Reading 


3009 


< 3 Reading ; f 
I Salubrla. 


Troupsburgh 


650 




Wayne 


3607 


Roscommon. 1 


Wheeler 


798 





(a) Population included in Canisteo, from which this town was ejected 

8 



58 



MADISON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Oneida Lake, and N. E. by Oneida creek, both of which separate it from 
Oneida Co.— N. E. and N. also, by Oneida Co.— E. by Unadilla river, which separates it from 
Otsego Co.— S. by Chenango Co. and W. by Courtlandt and Onondaga Counties ; and con- 
tains 32,208 inhabitants, of whom 10 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, &c— The head waters of Chenango river ; part of Unadilla, Otselick, and 
Tioughniogha rivers ; Canasaraga, Cowasselon, and Chitteningo creeks ; part of Oneida 
creek, &c. 

Lakes, &c. — Cazenovia Lake, and part of Oneida lake. 
[Some hilly country.] 
Towns. Inbab. Villages and other places 

Brookfield;] 93 

Beaver Creek. \ 
{ 1 Cazenovia [inc.] \ 
I New Woodstock, f 



Brookfield 


4240 


Cazenovia 


3909 


De Ruyter j 


1214 


Eaton 


3121 


Georgetown | 


824 


Hamilton 


2681 


Lebanon \ 


1940 


Lenox 


3360 


Madison 


2420 


Nelson | 


2329 


Smithfield 


3338 



Sullivan 



2932 \ 



$ 2 Morrisville [inc.] * t 
I Eaton. | 

$ 2 Hamilton [inc.] \ 
I Chenango-Forks, t 
Smith's Valley, f 
3 Lenox ; f 

Clockville. | 
3 Madison. ] 
Erieville ; t 
Argos. 

2 Peterborough;] 

3 Perrysville. \ 
3 Canasaraga ; \ 
S Chittening ; 

New-Boston ; 
^ Cowasselon. 



ISO 

131 
117 

120 

123 
106 

114 
116 
120 
105 

128 
125 
124 
121 

124 
127 
123 
118 



TOMPKINS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Seneca and Cayuga Counties — E. by Courtlandt Co. — S. by Tioga Co. — 
and W. by Seneca Lake, which separates it from Steuben Co. and contains 20,681 inhabit- 
ants, of whom 6 are slaves. 

Lakes, Creeks, k.c, — Part of Cayuga and Seneca Lakes ; Fall, Six Mile, Cascadilla, and 
other creeks ; part of Salmon creek of Cayuga, &c. 



Towns. 
Dry den j 
Enfield (a) 
Groton 
Hector | 

Ithaca (a) 



Lansinj. 



Ulysses (a) | 



Inhab. 
3951 



2742 
4012 



3631 



6345 



Villages and other places. 



Pall Creek. | 

Peachtown. 
I 1 Ithaca [inc.] * \ 
> Ithaca Falls. 
2 Ludlowville ; f 

Goodwin's Point ; 

Salmon Creek Falls. 
2 Tremainsville ; ] 

Jacksonville ; t 

Port-Lawrence. 



170 

165 
195 
180 

182 



188 
185 



(a) Population of Enfield and Ithaca included in that of Ulysses, from which they were 
prccted. 



59 



ONONDAGA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Oswego Co. and by Oswego and Oneida rivers, and Oneida Lake, whici. 
separate it from "Oswego Co. — E. by Madison Co.— S. by Courtlandt Co. andW. by Cayuga 
Co. and contains 41,467 inhabitants, of whom 59 are Slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, he. — Part of Seneca, Oswego, and Onondaga rivers ; Salina river (or On- 
ondaga Outlet ;) Skaneateles Outlet ; Onondaga, Nine Mile, Butternut, and Limestone creeks ; 
the head waters of Tioughniogha river; part of Chitteningo creek, &c. 

Lakes, &c. — Onondaga, Otisco, Skaneateles and Fish lakes; part of Oneida and Cross 
lakes ; the Green lakes or ponds, &tc. 

[Some hilhj country.] 



Camillus 



Manlius 



Inhab. 



5791 



Cicero \ 


1303 


Fabius 


2494 


.Lysander 


1723 



5372 



6501 

5552 

1726 

6701 

1294 



Villages and other places 

( 3 Elbridge ; ] 
j 3 Jordan; 
j 4 Camillus;] 
y Ionia. | 
( Bridgeport ; 
■{ Three River Point ; 
^ Chittening-Landing. 

4 Fabius. t 

4 Baldwinsville ; \ 
Snow's Bridge. 
r 1 Manlius [inc.] (a) f 

3 Jamesville ; ] 

4 Fayetteville ; \ 
4 Eagleville ; 

Orville ; | 

Youngsville ; 
4 Four Corners ; 

Manlius Centre ; 

Green Lakes ; 
[ Deep Spring. 
( 2 Skaneateles ; \ 
j 3 Marcellus ; f 
■{ 4 Clintonville ; \ 

Borodina ; \ 
{ Marietta, t 
( 2 Onondaga Hollow ; f 
{ 3 Onondaga West- Hill ;*\ 
{ Onondaga (Ind.) Castle. 

4 Amber. ] 
( 3 Pompey ; \ 
j 4 Delphi ; j 
^ Pompey Jf est- Hill ; \ 
| Oran ; t. 
^ Pompey East Hollow. 



Marcellus 

Onondaga 
Otisco 

Pompey 

Spafford t 

Salina {b) 

Tully t 

(a) This village was once called " Derne"— then « Manlius Square"— but 
only. 

(£) The Great Sdt Springs are in this town, around the Onondaga Lake 
margin. 



( 2 Salina ; \ 

j 3 Syracuse ; ] 
1814 ^4 Liverpool;] 

j 4 Geddesburgh ; f 

^ Corinth. 
1194 Tully- Flats. 



165 
167 
155 



158 
147 



137 
142 
136 
135 
141 
144 

140 



163 
157 

160 
155 

147 

149 
150 
155 
144 
136 
147 
139 

154 
150 
148 
153 
151 

15'2 

now "Manlius" 

, in and near its 



60 
CAYUGA. COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario— E. and N. E. by Oswego Co.— E. by On 
Ondaga and Courtlandt Co's. — S. by Tompkins Co. and W. by Seneca Co. 
and Cayuga Lake, which separates a part of it from the said Co. and con- 
tains 38,897 inhabitants, of whom 48 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, $'c— Part of Seneca river ; Ovvasco Outlet ; part of (Cayu- 
ga) Salmon creek ; Ovvasco Inlet, and other creeks. 

Lakes, fyc— Owasco Lake ; part of Ontario, Cayuga, Skaneateles, and 
Cross Lakes— Duck and other ponds, and Nine Mile Bay. 
[Valuable Salt Springs.] 



Towns. 

Aurelius 

Brutus 

Catof 
Conquest (a) I 

Genoa 

Ira (a) 
Locke 

Mentz 

Owasco t 

Sempronius 1 



Scipiof 



Inhab. 

7923 

3579 
4021 



2585 



2559 
3010 
1290 



.',033 



8105 



792 



Villages and other places. 

1 Auburn [inc.] * f 

2 Cayuga ; | 
Union Springs, f 

3 Brutus — at 

Weed's Basin. 

4 Cato-Corners. 



•t 



4 King's Ferry ; f 

Genoa (late Tetertown ;)f 
| Indian-Fields. + 

3 Locke, f 
2 Bucksville ; 
2 Montezuma ; f 
\ 3 Throopsville. t 



(4 
f2 
14 



Montville ; 
Kelloggsville ; \ 
Moravia. 
Aurora ; \ 
Levana ; 
Poplar Ridge ; f 
North Scipio ; t 
Cayuga Castle. 



170 

179 
182 

172 



185 
180 



170 
173 
176 
171 

168 
163 

164 
183 
184 
178 



in: 



Sterling j 
Victory {a) 

(a) The pupulation of these three new towrts included in that of Cato. 

ALLEGANY COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Genesee and Livingston Co's. — E. by Steuben Co. — S. by Pennsylvania, 
and W. by Cattaraugus and Genesee Co's. and contains 9,330 inJmbitants, of tvhom 17 are 
slaves. 

Rivers arid Creeks. — Genesee river ; Conicodeo and other head waters of Canisteo river 
(the N. W. branch of the Susquehannah ;) the head waters of Cattaraugus creek, which falls 
into Lake Erie : the head waters of Olean, Oswaya, and other creeks, (which fall into the 
Allegany river, the chief branch of the Ohio ;) Caneadea, Van Campen's, and ether creeks, 
which fall into the Genesee. [The country, though not mountainous, is of course very high.] 

Villages and other places. 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Alfred 


1701 


Almond (a) 




Angelica 


1510 


Caneadea 


696 


Centreville 


421 


Cuba (6) 




Friendship 


662 


Hume (c) 




Independence (a) 




Nunda 


1188 


Ossian 


921 


Pike 


1622 


Rushford 


609 



(a) [Taken from Alfred.] 

1 Angelica ;*\ 
Philipsburgh Mills ; 
Belvidere. 

Seneca Indian Village. 

(b) [Taken from Friendship.] 

(c) [Taken from Pike.] 
(a) [Taken from Alfred.] 

2 Nunda. 



285 



288 



281 



61 



SENECA COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Cayuga Co. and Lake, S. by Tompkins 
Co. and W. by Seneca Lake, which separates it from Ontario Co. and also 
by said Co. and contains 23,619 inhabitants, of whom 84 are slaves. 

Rivers ty" Creeks. — Seneca Outlet, part of Seneca river, part, of Canandaigua 
(or Clyde) river; Tuckyhannock creek, &c. 

Lakes, Bays, Sfc. — Part of Ontario, Cayuga, and Seneca Lakes ; Port Bay, 
East Bay, Little Sodus Bay, and part of Great Sodus Bay, all in Lake Ontario. 
[Several Salt Springs.] 



Towns. 
Covert 

Fayette 
Galen f 



Junius f 



Ovid 



Romulus f 



Wolcott t 



Inhab. 
3439 

2869 
2979 

511S 

2654 
3698 

2867 



Villages and other places. 
( 4 Farmer ; f 
\ Ingersol's Store, t 
J 4 Scawyace ; 
\ Canoga Springs. 

(3 Clyde late ) 

j Lauraville, at > f 

the Block House ; ) 
[ Galen Salt Works. 
( 1 Waterloo ; * t 
J 3 Seneca-Falls ; f 
j 4 West Cayuga ; 
\ Crane Town. 
$ 2 Ovid [inc.] t 
I Bailey Town. 
( 3 Lancaster ; t 
j 4 Apple Town; 
J Plymouth ; 
^ De Mott's Store, f 
( 3 Port Glasgow ; f 
| Adams's Mills ; 
■( Port Bay ; 
| Wolcott East ; f 
^ Sloop Landing. 



196 

187 
190 

186 



187 
182 
180 

205 

200 



202 



205 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Monroe Co. E. by Ontario Co. S. by Steuben and Allegany 
Counties, and W. by Genesee Co. and contains 18,444 inhabitants, (a) 

Rivers, Creeks, Lakes, fyc. — Part of Genesee river; part of Honeoye Outlet ; 
Canaseraga, Casequa, and Canesus Creeks ; and the head waters of Conhoc- 
ton river ; Canesus Lake, and part of Hemlock Lake. _ 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Avon (a) 


1933 


Caledonia (a) 


2645 


Geneseo 


1598 


Groveland t 


1273 


Lima 


1963 


Livonia 


2427 


Leicester f 


1331 


Mount Morris 


1002 


Sparta t 


1475 


Springwater 


1154 


Yorkf 


1729 



Villages and other places. 

2 Avon, t 

3 Caledonia — at ) + 

Big Spring. \ T 

1 Geneseo. * j- 

3 Williamsburgh. 
3 Lima, f 
Livonia, f 

2 Moscoiv. f 

S Mount Morris, t 



Canewagus Reservation. 



130 

240 

2S8 
240 
225 
228 
243 
245 
248 
230 
241 



(a) No slaves, unless a small portion of the 35 in Genesee before the division : and the 
town of Avon now includes a part of the population of Rush in addition to the numbers set 
against it— on the other hand, the population set against Caledonia includes all that of Wheat- 
land in Monroe County, as the census was taken before the division. 



ONTARIO COUNTY 



Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Seneca Co. and Seneca Lake, S. by 
Steubeo Co. and W. by Livingston and Monroe counties, and contains 61,185 
inhabitants, and no slaves, (a) 

Lakes, fyc. — Canandaigua, Scameatiea, Honeoye, and part of Hemlock lake ; 
part of Seneca Lake which separates part of this Co. from Seneca Co. and 
part of Crooked and Ontario Lakes. 

Rivers, Creeks, &c. — Part of Canandaigua river; Hemlock and Honeoye 
Outlets; Mud, Flint, Red, and Salmon creeks ; the Outlet of Crooked lake,&e. 

Bays. — Part of Great Sodus Bay in Lake Ontario. 
[Some Salt Springs.] 



Towns. 

Benton f 

Bloomfield t 
Bristol t 
Canandaigua 

Farmington t 

Gorham f 
Italy 

Jerusalem t 

Lyons 

Manchester (b) 

Middlesex f 

Milo 
Naples 
Ontario f 

Phelps | 

Palmyra 
Richmond 

Seneca 

Sodus f 
Victor 

Williamson f 



3557 

3621 
2429 
4680 

4214 

3991 
728 

1610 

3972 

2718 

2612 
1038 

2233 

5688 

3724 
2765 

4802 

2013 
2084 

2521 



Villages and other places. 

3 Penn Yan ; f 

Hopetovvn ; 

Cashong. 
3 West Bloomfield ; j 

East Blooinfield. \ 



1 Canandaigua [inc.] 

with 3 churches. 
4 JYew-Salem ; 

Broivnville. 

Chapin's Mills. 



Mount Calvary ; 
Friends' Settlement. 
3 Lyons, f 

3 Manchester; | 
Sulphur Spring. 

4 Rushville ; t 
West River, t 

Part of Penn Yan. (c) 
4 Naples. \ 

In man's Cross Roads, f 

3 Vienna; \ 

4 Orleans. 

3 Palmyra [inc.] f 
Richmond (Hill.) f 

2 Geneva [inc.] ) . 

S churches. £ 

3 Troupsville ; 
Arms's Cross Roads, f 
Victor, f 

' 4 Pultneyville ; f 

Williamson South ; f 
Rogers's Cross Roads, f 



200 

220 
215 
217 

208 

214 

200 



210 
196 

212 

209 



216 

224 
197 

210 

225 

192 
211 

218 

216 



(a) In 1820 Ontario contained 87,540 inhabitants; but in 1821, part of this county and part 
of Genesee were erected into new counties by the names of Monroe and Livingston, leaving 
the populationof Ontario as above. Genesee county also contained 58,093 inhabitants in 1820, 
but since the above named division, on\y 40,200, as in the Table of "Progressive Popula- 
. tion," ante, page 32, and post, page 64. 
• (b) The population of this town, which was lately erected from Farmington, is included in 
that of the latter. 

(c) A small part only of this village lies on the south side of the outlet of the Crooked lake, 
in the town of Milo. 



&6 



MONROE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Ontario Co. S. by Livingston Co. and 
W. by Genesee Co. and contains 26,855 inhabitants, (a) 

Rivers, Lakes, fyc. — Genesee river; Gerundegut (or Irondequot) and Stone 
creeks ; part of Black, Allen's, Salmon, Sandy, and other creeks ; and Gerun- 
degut and Braddock's Bays, and part of Lake Ontario. 



Towns. 


Inbab. 


Villages and other places. 








C 3 Carthage, \ , .. 
or Clyde ;\ W T 


238 


Brighton 


1972 






( Brighton, t 


235 


Clarkson 


1612 


3 Clarkson. t 


255 


Chili (6) 




(6) [Taken from Riga.] 








C 1 Rochesterville [inc.] * t 


236 


Gates f 


2643 


< 3 Charlotte ; t 

( Hampton's Landing. 


240 


Henrietta 


2181 




232 


Mendon t 


2012 






Ogden 


1435 




245 


Parma t 


1342 


Braddock's Bay. 


248 


Penlield 


3244 


2 Penfteld. t 


227 


Perrinton t 


1664 






Pittsford 


1582 


( 3 Pittsford ; t 

I Hanford's Landing. 


221 


Rush (a) 


1701 




231 


Rigat 


3139 


West Pultney. 


244 


Sweden t 


2716 


3 Lawrence. 


254 


Wheatland (a) 




Scottsville. 


237 



(a) Of slaves, the same tiling is to be remarked as in the note to Livingston county ; the 
same also, as to the population of Rush and Wheatland. As to Carthage, since both Laura- 
ville and the river from the junction of Mud creek with Canandaigua river [or outlet] are now 
generally called " Clyde," I have set down " Carthage" first, as the proper name still, though 
this village too is sometimes called " Clyde." But as there is also a Carthage in Jefferson 
county, and "almost" one in Dutchess, if the Monroe Carthaginians themselves still insist, 
" Delenda est Carthago" — esto deleta : and let the Ctydes perplex and confound each other, 
or one of them assume a different name, as it may seem meet to those concerned. 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Genesee Co. S. by Tonnewanta river 
or creek, which separates it from Erie Co. and W. by Niagara river, which 
separates it from Upper Canada ; and contains 7,322 inhabitants. [This 
County and Erie together contain 15 slaves only.] 

Rivers, Lakes, Sfc.— Part of Niagara and Tonnewanta rivers ; Wilkins's, 
Howell's, Tuscarora, Cayuga, and other creeks ; and part of Lake Ontario. 
[Some hilly country, and sundry Salt Springs.] 



Towns. 

Cambria t 
Hartland 



Inhab. 
1134 
1448 



Villages and other places. 
3 Hartland. t 



Lewiston 



Niagara 



Porter 

Royalton 
Wilson 



869 \ 
{ 



484 ^ 



Lewiston ; (a) t 
Tuscarora Villages (Ind.) 
Five Mile Meadows ; 
Fort Gray. 
Manchester ; t 
Fort Schlosser ; 
Niagara Falls ; t 
Navy Island and part ? 
of Grand Island. 5 
Youngstoivn ; t 
Fort Niagara. 

2 Lockport. 

3 Eighteen Mile Creek. 

(a) The seat of the courts not ret being fixed, they sit at present in Lpwisttfn. 



I 



850 

1849 
688 



310 



316 
312 



319 

320 
320 

319 

320 
296 
200 






64 

GENESEE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Lake Ontario — E. by Monroe and Livingston Co's. — S. by 
Allegany and Cattaraugus Co's. — and W. by Erie and Niagara Co's. and 
contains 40,200 inhabitants, of whom (with a small portion in Monroe and 
Livingston Counties) 35 are slaves. 

Lakes, Rivers, Sfc. — Part of Lake Ontario ; Silver Lake, Jefferson Lake, 
and some smaller lakes ; part of Tonnevvanta river or creek, with all its head 
waters; part of Allen, Black, and Cattaraugus creeks; Anyocheeca, Oak- 
Orchard, Johnson, and Sandy creeks ; and the head waters of Sulphur-Spring, 
Ellicott's, and (the three branches of) Buffalo creeks, &c. 
[Several valuable Salt Springs.] 
Inhab. Villages and other places. 

1496 3 Alexander. 261 

1519 2 Attica. \ 264 

" 1 Batavia;*] 256 

Tonneivanta (Ind. Vil.) 269 

254 
248 



Towns. 

Alexander 
Attica 

Batavia 



2537 



Bethany f 
Bergen t 
Barre f 
Bennington \ 
Byron (a) \ 
Castile (b) 
Clarendon (c) 
China 
Covington f 
Elba 

Gainesville 
Gaines f 
Le Roy 
Middlebury 

Murray f 

Orangeville 
Pembroke \ 
Perry 

Ridgeway f 
Sheldon f 
Shelby 
Stafford! 
Warsaw 



1691 

2438 

1767 

796 



780 
2144 
1333 
1088 
1134 
2611 
1782 

1561 

1556 
2576 
2317 
1496 
887 
1158 
2069 
1658 



(a) [Population included in Bergen.] 

(b) [Do. do. in Perry.] 

(c) [Do. do. in Sweden, Monroe Co.] 



3 Gainsville. t 
S Oak- Orchard, f 

2 Le Roy. ] 

3 Middlebury. t 
Holle.y ; 
Sandy-Creek. 

South Pembroke. | 
3 Perry. \ 

Loomisville. t 



2 Warsaw. \ 



250 

262 
246 

253 



250 
268 
273 



260 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Cattaraugus creek, which separates it from Niagara Co. and by Genesee 
Co. — E. by Allegany Co. — S. by Pennsylvania — and W. by Chautauque Co. and contains 
4,090 inhabitants, of whom 2 are slaves. 

Rivers, Creeks, fcc. — Olean river, and part of the Allegany and Connewango rivers : 
Oswaya, Tusquiatossee, Tunianguant, Oil, lchsua, Great and Little Valley creeks: part of 
Cattaraugus creek, &c. 

[Considerable hilly country.] 



Villages and other places 

2 Ellicottville. * f 



Towns. Inbab. 

Ellicottville (a) 

Freedom (a) 

Farmersville (a) 

Great- Valley ' 271 

Hinsdale (b) t 

Ischua 1453 

Little-Valley 484 

Olean t 1047 

Perrysburgh 835 

Yorkshire (a) 

(a) (b) The population of the four towns marked (a) is included in that of Ischua— and 
the population of Hinsdale in thai of Olean. 



Oil Spring. 
3 Franklinville. t 

Friend's Settlement 
at Tunessassah, 
1 Hamilton. 



300 

295 

325 
300 



65 



ERIE COUNTY 

Is bounded N.by Tonuewanta river or creek, which separates it from Niagara Co. E. by 
Genesee Co. S. by Cattaraugus river or creek, which separates it from Cattaraugus and 
Chautauque Co's. and W i>* Ijak. die and Niagara river, which separate it from Upper 
Canada; and contains 15,663 inluxbitants. [This Co. and Niagara together contain 15 slaves.] 

Rivers, Creeks, and Lakes. — Part of Niagara river and Tonuewanta and Cattaragus 
creeks; Buffalo creek, (consisting of 3 branches, viz Seneca, Cayuga, aad Cazenove creeks;) 
Ellicott's, Cauquaga, Two Sisters, Sulphur Spring, Ransonfs, Smokes, Conjockeda, and other 
creeks. 

Islands.— Part of Grand Island, Bird Island, and two other islands, all in Niagara river. 

Villages and other place. 

Williamsvilfo ; t 285 

Part of Grand Island. 

298 

Boston. | 310 

Buffalo [inc.] * \ 296 

Black- Rock;] 296 

Buffalo 2095 <j Spnngville ; ] 

Seneca and other Indian Villages, > 
^ on the Buffalo creek Reserve. J 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Amherst 


768 


Aurora f 
Boston 


1285 
686 



Clarence f 



f 



800 



3278 



Collins (a) 




Concord f 
Edenf 
Evans (6) f 


2782 
1065 


Hamburgh 


2034 


Holland 
Sardinia (a) 
Wales 


768 
903 



Ransom's Grove ; 275 

West-Clarence. \ 

{a) [Taken from Concord.] 312 

Angola, t 

Cold Spring. 

Sturgeon Point. 317 

(b) [Taken from Eden.] 

Smithville; 

Barkersville ; 304 

East Hamburgh, t 

(a) [Taken from Concord.] 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. N. W. by Lake Erie, N. by Lake Erie and Erie Co. E. by 
Cattaraugus Co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by the same state ; and contains 
12,568 inhabitants, of whom 3 are slaves. 

Rivers and Creeks. — Connewongo river; Cosdauga, Walnut, Chautauque, 
Canadaway, and French creeks ; part of Cattaraugus creek, Chautauque 
Outlet, Cattaraugus South Branch, &tc. 
Lakesfac. — Chautauque, Cosdauga, and Bear Lakes, and part of Lake Erie. 
[Some high and hilly country.] 

is. 

360 
367 



344 
335 
331 

341 

S39 

360 
370 



(a) The population of these three towns is included in that of Chautauque, from which tliev 
were taken since the census. " ' 

9 



Towns. 


Inhab. 


Villages and other places. 


Chautauque 


2518 


Mayville. * \ 


Clymer (a) 






Ellicott 


1462 I 


Jamestown ; \ 
Fairbank. ] 


Ellery (a) 






Gerry 


947 


Sinclair sville. 


Hanover f 


2217 $ 


Forrestville ; 
Cattaraugus Harbour. 


Harmony 


845 


Fredonia ; f 


Pomfret 


2366 < 


Dunkirk ; t 
Bull's Mills. 


Portland ] 


' 1162 


Westfield. \ 


Ripley ] 


1111 


Bethesda. 


Stockton (a) 







To all the names of counties, towns, villages, and other places in the State, as contained in the Topogra- 
phical part of this Manual ; with reference to the pages, whereon the county or counties, in which they are, 
willbefound,with other information as set forth in the EXPLANATION on the second page :— 

*,* And, also, to all the subjects contained in the Statistical part of the same — the latter placed Alphabeti- 
cally after the former mi Italick letters. 



Adams 55 

Adams's Mills 61 

Addison 57 

Adgate's Falls 50 

Accobonnuck 36 

Albany 45 

Albany Bush 51 

Alexander 64 

Alexandria 55 

Allegany 60 

Alfred 60 

Almond 60 

Amber 59 

Amboy Ferry 37 

Amenia 42 
Amenia Union 

Society 42 

Amherst 65 

Amity 41 

Ammeganset 36 

Ancram 46 
Ancram Iron 

Works 46 

Andes 44 

Angelica 60 

Angola 65 

Anthony's Nose 40 

Antwerp 55 

Appleby's Island 40 

Apple Town 61 

Apoquague 42 

Argos 50 

Argyle 58 
Ark Port 
Arms's Cross 

Roads 62 

Athens 45 

Athol 48 

Attica 64 

Attlebury 42 

Auburn 60 

Augusta ' 54 

Augusta Works 41 

Aurelius 60 
Aurora 65, 60 

Austerlitz 46 

Avon 61 

Academies 24 
Agriculture 16, 17 
American Academy 

ofL.andB.L. 25 

of Arts 25 

Arms, fa. 12 
Arsenals 12, 18 



Assembly, members 32 



Assessors' Valuation 


Black Rock 


65 


Bush wick 


39 


of real and per- 


Black Stump 


33 


Buskirk's Bridge 


48 


sonal property in 


Blazing Star Fer- 




Bussing's Point 


35 


the State 15 


72 


ry 


37 


Butter Hill 


41 


* „ t 


Blenheim 
Block House, see 


46 


Buttermilk Falls 
Butternuts 


41 


county 


33 


52 






Clyde 




Byram River 


40 


B. 




Bloomfield 


C2 


Byron 


64 


Babylon 


36 


Bloomendale 


13 


Banks 17 


72 


Bailey Town 


61 


Bloomingburgh 


44 


Bank-Table 


34 


Bainbridge 


57 


Bloomingdale 


35 


Bridges (and roads) 17 


Baiting Hollow 


36 


Blooming Grove 


41 


Balance of trade 


Baker's Falls 


49 


Bloomville 


44 


and exchange 


16 


Baldwinsville 


59 


Blue Point 


36 


C. 




Bald Hill 


36 


[The] Boght 


45 


Caatsbaen 


43 


Ballston 


49 


Bolton 


48 


Cairo 


45 


Ballston Spa 


49 


Bompus Hook 


39 


Caldwell 


48 


Ballston Hill (Old 


Boonville 


C2 


Caledonia 


61 


C. H.) 


49 


Borodina 


59 


Cambridge 


48 


Bangor 


49 


Boston 


G5 


Cambria 


63 


Barkersville 


65 


Bovina 


44 


Camden 


54 


Barker's Point 


39 


Bowman's Creek 


51 


Campbelltown 


57 


Barnegat 


42 


Braddock's Bay 


63 


Camillus 


59 


Barre 


64 


Brainerd's Bridge 


47 


Canaan 


46 


Barren Island 


39 


[The] Branch 


37 


Canajoharie 


51 


Batavia 


64 


Breakabeen 


46 


Canandaigua 


62 


Bath 57 


47 


Bridgeburgh 


41 


Canasaraga 


58 


Bath-House 


39 


Bridge-Hampton 


37 


Candor 


53 


Beaver Creek 


58 


Bridgeport 


59 


Caneadea 


60 


Beaver Dam 37,44,45 


Bridgeville 


44 


Canewagus Reser- 


BeaverkUl 


43 


Bridgewater 


54 


vation 


61 


Bedford 40 


,39 


Brighton 


63 


Canisteo 


57 


Bedlow's Island 


35 


Bristol 62 


43 


Cannonsville 


44 


Beekman 


42 


Bristol Glass 




Canoga Spring 


61 


Beekmantown 


47 


Works 


43 


Canterbury 


41 


Beekmanville 42 


,46 


Broadalbin 


51 


Canton 


'56 


Bellevue 


35 


Brookneld58,36,41 


Cantine's Settle- 




Bellevale 


41 




50 


ment 


53 


Belvidere 


60 


Brookhaven 


36 


Canasy Landing 


39 


Bemus's Heights 


49 


Brooklyn 


39 


Canoe Place 


37 


Bengal 


42 


Broome 50 


,46 


Cape Vincent 


55 


Bennington 


64 


Bronx 


40 


Carlisle 


46 


Benton 


62 


Brotherfown 


54 


Carmel 


40 


Bergen 


64 


Brownville 55,62 


Carlton Island 


55 


Berkshire 


50 


Brunswick 


47 


Caroline 


53 


Berlin 


47 


Brutus 


60 


Carman's, see 




Bern 


45 


Bruynswick 


43 


Fireplace 




Bethany 


64 


Buckram 


38 


Carpenter's Point 41 


Bethel 


44 


Bucksville 


60 


Captain's Island 


40 


Bethlehem 45 


,41 


Buffalo 


65 


Cap Tree Island 


36 


Bethesda 


65 


Creek Indian 


Carthage 63, 55 


42 


Bethpage 


38 


Villages 


65 


Castile 


64 


Bettsburgh 


57 


Bull's Mills 


65 


Castletown 


37 


Big Flats 


53 


Burlingbam 


44 


Castleton 


47 


Big Shandakan 


43 


Burlington 


52 


Castle Clinton 


35 


Binghamton 


50 


Burnt Hills 


49 


Cashong 


62 



hYDEX. 



Cato 

Cato Corners 

Catherines 

Catberinestovvn 

Cattaraugus 

Harbour 

Cattskill 

Cayuga 

Cayuga Castle 

Cayuta 

Caughnawaga 

Cazenovia 

Cedar Swamp 

Centreville GO, 

Champion 

Champlain 

Chapin's Mills 

Charlotte 

Charlton 

Charleston 

Chaumont 

Chautauque 

Chateaugay 

Chateaugay 4 
Corners 

Chatham 

Chatham 4 Cor- 
ners 

Chazy 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Chenango Point 

Chenango Forks 

Cherry-Hill 

Cherry-Valley 

Chester 48, 

Chesterfield 50, 

Chili 

China 

Chippeway Bay 

Chittening 

Chittening Land- 
ing 

Chocoanut 

Churchtown 

Cicero 

Cincinnatus 

Clarence 

Claverack 

Clarendon 

Clarkstown 

Clarkson 

Clarksville 

Clermont 

Clifton Park 

Clinton 47, 42, 

Clintonville 

Clockville 

[The]Clove 37,41,4 

Clove Hills 

Clyde 61, - 

Clymer 

Cobelskill 

Cochecton 

Coeymans 

Coeyman's Land- 
ing 

Cohoes Falls 



IjU 


Colchester 


44 


GO 


Collebergh 


40 


53 


Coldenham 


41 


53 


Cold Spring 42 


, 65 


64 


Cold Spring Ha 


r- 


C.3 


bour 


36 


'14 


Cold Spring Land- 


60 


ing 


4,0 


60 


Collins 


65 


5.3 


Columbia 46, 53 


, 36 


51 


Columbiaville 46,71 


53 


Columbus 57 


43 


33 


Coles's Mills, see 


43 


Dosoris 


33 


55 


Colesville 


50 


17 


Commack 


36 


62 


Concord 49 


65 


63 


Conhocton 


57 


49 


Conquest 


60 


51 


Constable 


4-7 


55 


Constantia 


56 


65 


Cook-house 


44 


49 


Cooperstown 


52 




Copenhagen 


55 


49 


Coney Island 


39 


46 


Coram 


36 




Corinth 49 


59 


46 


Corlaer's Hook 


35 


47 


Cornwall 


41 


53 


Cornwall Land- 




5? 


ing 


44 


50 


Corrystown 


51 


53 


Courtlandt 52 


40 


45 


CourtlandtTown 


40 


52 


Courtlandt Vil lag 


5 52 


■11 


Coventry 


57 


56 


Covert 


61 


63 


Cove Neck 


3C 


64 


Cow Harbour 


36 


56 


Cowasselon 


58 


58 


Coxeville 


55 




Coxsackie 


■15 


59 


Coxsackie Land- 




50 


ings 


45 


■16 


Crab Meadow 


36 


50 


Crab Island 


47 


52 


Craigville 


41 


65 


Cranefown 


61 


46 


Crane Neck 


36 


63 


Cranberry Creek 


51 


35 


Cross River 


40 


6.3 


Croton 


40 


52 


Crown Fort 


35 


•16 


Crownpoint 


50 


49 


Crumhorn Hills 


52 


5-1 


Cuba 


GO 


59 


Cumberland Head47 


53 


Cutchogue 


37 


42 


Canals 18—23, 


72 


37 


Canal Fund 


23 


63 


Capital — in Banks 17 


65 


— Manufactures 


13 


46 


— Road and Bridge 


1-1 


Companies 


n 


45 


— Insurance Com 


- 




panics 


17 


45 


— Companies, So 


- 


4 5 


defies, Corpora 





iions, fyc. not 
reached by Asses- 
sors 

Calllt—M. of in 
the Slate 

Cities and Villages, 
theprincipalones, 
11, 12 

City of Mu>- York 2.1 

Civil Divisions of 
the Stale — 

— their nature and 

variety 4, 5 

— their order and 
arrangement 9, 11 

— their number, 
population, fy 
increase 1 1 

Cloth made 14 

Colleges 
Commerce andship 

ping 17 

CommonSchools23,12. 
Table of 33 



Common School 

Fund 
Congress, members 

of 10 
Courts 10, 71, 72 

D. 

Danby 53 

Danford Cove 40 

Danube 53 

Dansville 57 

Danville 50 

Dater's Works 35 

Davenport 44 

Decatur 52 
De Canlillon's 

Landing 42 

Deep Spring 59 

Deerfield 54 

Deerpark 41 

De Kalb 56 

Delaware 44 

Delhi 44 

Delphi 59 

De Mott's Store 61 

Denmark 55 
Deposit 44, 71 

De Ruyter 53 
De Wint's Land- 
ings Carthage 42 

De Witt 56 

Dickinson 49 

Dixhills 36 

Dolsentown 41 

Dominick 50 

Dosoris 38 

Dover 42 

Dover Plains 42 

Drown Meadow 36 

Dry Brook 44 

Dryden 58 

Duansburgh 43 

Duck Pond 38 

Duerville 47 



Dunderbergh 53 

Dunkirk 65 

Dunning-Street 49 

Durham 45 

Dutchess 42 

Dutch Kills 39 
Dutch Settlement 53 

Debt, National 9 

— State 27 

— city ofJY. Y. 27 



E. 




Eagleville 


59 


Eaton 


58 


Eaton's Bush 


53 


Eaton's Neck 


36 


East-Bloomfield 


62 


East-Chester 


40 


East-Camp 




East- Hamburgh 


65 


East-Hampton 


36 


East- Hartford 


48 


East Kaater's kill 


Falls 


45 


Easton 


48 


East- Oswego 


56 


East Woods 


38 


Eden 


65 


Edinburgh 


49 


Edmeston 


52 


Eighteen Mile 




Creek 


63 


Elba 


64 


Elba Iron Works 


50 


Elbridge 


59 • 


Elgin 


35 


Elizabethlown 


50 


Elmer's 


54 


Elmira 


53 


Ellery 


65 


Ellicott 


65 


Ellicottsville 


64 


Ellisburgh 


55 


Ellis's Island 


35 


Ellisville 


55 


Enfield 


58 


English Kills 


39 


Ephrata 


51 


Erie 


65 


Erieville 


58 


Ervvintown 


57 


Esopus 


43 


Esperance 


46 


Essex 


50 


Evans 


65 


Exeter 


52 


Elections 


9 


Electors(Voters)li 


70 


Expenditures of ll 


t 


State Gov't. 26 


27 


— city ofJY. Y. 


C\ri 


F. 




Fabius 


59 


Fairbank 


65 


Fairfield 


S3 


Fairvale 


48 


Fall Creek 


58 



68 



INDEX. 



Former 




61 


Farm ersvi lie 




64 


Farmington 




62 


Fayette 




61 


Fayetteville 




59 


Federal Stores 




16 


Fireplace 




3' 


Fire Islands 




36 


Fisher's Island 




37 


Fish- House, see North- 


ampton 




51 


Fishkill 


42 


,71 


Fishkill Landing 




12 


Fishkill Upper Do 




42 


Fishkill Hook 




42 


Fish Lake 




44 


Five Mile Meadows 


63 


Fly Creek 




52 


Flanders 




37 


Flatbush 


G r 


,48 


[The] Flatts 




.'-.0 


Florida 


51 


. 41 


Florence 




54 


Floyd 




54 


Flushing 




3" 


Flushing Alley 




38 


Fonda's Bush 




51 


Fordham (manor of) 


40 


Fordsville 




56 


Forrestburgh 




44 


Forrestville 




65 


Fort Neck 




38 


Fort- Ann 




48 


Foit-Covington 




4'! 


Fort-Edward 




48 


Fort-Miller 




48 


Fort-riain 




51 


[Old] Forts Ontario. 


Clinton, Indepent 


- 


ence, and Constitu- 


tion, under letter 




Fort Prince 




35 


— Tryon 




35 


— George (N. Y.) 




35 


— George (L. G.) 




S5 


•-Wood 




M 


— Gansevoort 




35 


— Columbus 




35 


— Washington 




35 


— Richmond 




37 


— Hudson 




37 


— Tompkins 


37 


55 


— Diamond 




39 


— Lawrence 




39 


— Stevens 




39 


— Swift 




V.'i 


— Lewis 




39 


— Greene 




S9 


— Fayette 




40 


— Clinton 




41 


— Putnam 




41 


— Montgomery 




41 


— William Henry 




48 


— Crownpoint 




50 


— Ticonderoga 




60 


— Johnson 




51 


— Hunter 




51 


— Herkimer 




sa 


• — Schuyler 




54 


— Stanwix 




54 


— Koyal 




54 


— Rickey 




54 


— Bull 




54 


— Oswego 




56 


— Brewcrton 




56 


— Van Rensselaer 




56 


— Gray 




63 


— Schlossev 




63 


— Niagara 




63 


Four Corners 


56 


,59 


Fowler 




51 


Fox Island 




55 


Franklin 


V. 


, 44 


Franklinton 




48 


Franklinville 




64 


Frankville 




57 


Freedom 


64 


, 12 


Freehold 




45 



Freetown 
Fredonia 
French Mills 
Frey's Bush 

Friends' Settlement 56, 
62, 64, 71 
Friendship 60 

Finances 9, 23, 27 

Flour 14, 15 

Funds of the State in 

general 

for Canal 

Com. Schools 

Literature 

G. 
Gaines 
G ainesville 
Galen 

Galen Salt Works 
Galloop Island 
Galway 

Gardiner's Island 
Gardnertown 
Garrattsville 
Gates 

ayhead 

erfdesburgh 
Genesee 
Geneseo 
Geneva 
(J enoa 
German 
Germanflats 
Germantown 
Gerry 

Georgetown 
Ghent 

Gibbonsville 
Gibraltar 
Gilboa 
Glasgow 
Glen's Falls 
Glenville 
Goodwin's Point 
G orham 
Goshen 
Gouverneur 
Governour's Island 
Grafton 
Granby 
Grand Island 
Granville 
Grass Island 
Gravelly Point, see 

Cape Vincent 
Gravesend 
Gravesend Bay 
Gravesend Point 
Gray Court 
Great Fly (or Vlaie) 
Great Neek 



52! its danger from 

65 party violence 29, 30 

49 Grand Canals (the) 18,72 

51 anti-ipated cost of 19 

when begun 19 

opened 19 

to be romp eted 19 

eourse and extent 19 
dimensions, ire. 19 

rami ner ofnavigatingl 9 
26 i boats and passage on 

19—24,72 
toll 20, 72 

expense 20 

revenue and benefits 20. 
21 
trade and transporta- 
tion on 20—22 
branches and exten- 
sions of them 21 
villages and manu- 
factures on them 21 
benign effects on the 
ountry^form of go- 
vernment, and peo- 
ple of the Union at 
large 21—23 
H. 
Hackstands Mills 47 
Hadley 49 
Ha?rlem 35 
Harlem Heights 35 
Half Hollow Hills 36 
Ilalfmoon 49 
i lallett's Cove 39 
Hamburgh 65, 52 
Hamilton 51,45,58,64 
Hampstead 35 
Hamptenburgh 4 1 
Hampton 48,54,41 
Hampton Landing 63 
Hancock 44 
Hanford's Landing 63 
Hannibal 56 
Hanover 65, 54 
Harbour Head, see 
Head of the Harbour 37 
Harbour Hill 39 
HardenburgU's Mills 44 



55, 63, 65 
48 
36 



G reat Hog Neck IslandS7 

iGreat Kills 

Great Plains 

; Great-Valley 

iGreene 

IGreeneville 

Green burgh 

jGreenbush 

Greenfield 

Green Island 

Greenkills 

Green Lakes 

Greenwich 

Grenadier Island 

Groveland 

Groton 

Guanos Bay 

Guilderlandt 

Guilford 

Gull Island 

Government, as 



Harmony 65 

Harpersfield 44 

Harpersville 50 

Harrishurgh 55 
Harrison 40, 52 

Harshamomoque 37 

Hartford 48 

Hart Island 40 

Hartlaod 63 

Hartsville 42 

Hirtwick 52 

Hauppaugue 37 

Haverstraw 35 
37 Haviland's or Hew- 

33, 50 lett's Point 39 

64 Hebron 48 

45, 56 Hector 

45,41 Hell-Gate 
40 Hempstead 

47,35 Hempstead Harbour 
49 Hempstead Plain 
Hi-nderson 



43 Henderson Harbour 
59 Henrietta 
48, 35 Herkimer 
55 Herrick's 

Hewlett's Island 

High Island 
39 [Hillsdale 
45iHinsdale 
57 Hog's Neck 
37 Hwg-Island 
rung- llulland 



ed under the amended Holley 
j Constitution 9 Homer 

| of the people 28—30 Hope 

to be preserved on- Hopetown 

[ ty °y their watchful- Hopeville 
I ness 29, 30, 72 Hopewell 



Hopkinton 56 

HornellsviUe 57 

Hosick 47 

Hosick Falls 47 

Hosick 4 Corners 47 

Hounsfield 55 

Howard 57 

Hudson 46 

Hume 60 

Hunter 45 

Hunter's Island 40 

Huntington 36 

Huntington South 36 

Hunt's Point 40 

Hyde-Park 42 

Horses in the State 15 



Inclebergh 35 

Independence 60 

Indian Fields 60 

Indian Village 56 

Ingersol's Store 61 
Ionian's Cross Roads 62 

Ionia 59 

Ischua 64 

Islip 36 

Italy 62 

Ithaca 68 

Ithaca Falls 53 

Improved land 15 

Fndians 26 
Insurance Companies 17 

J. 

Jackson 48 

Jacksonville 58 

Jamaica 38 

Jamestown 65 

Jamesville 59 

Jay 50 
.1 eiferson 55, 45, 46 

lericho 38 

Jersey 57 
Jerusalem 62, 38 
Jessup's Landing, see 

Hadley 

Johnsburgh 48 
Johnson's Settlement 63 
Johnstown 51,46 

Johnsville 42 

Jordan 59 

Junius 61 

Judicial power 10 

K. 

Kakiak 35 

Keene 50 

Kellogsville 60 

Kent 40 
Ketchum's Corners 49 

Kilkenney 56 

Kinderhook 46 
Kinderhook Landing 46 

Kings 39 

Kingsborough 51 

Kingsbridge 35 

Kingsbury 48 

King's Ferry 60 

Kingston 43 
Kingston Landing 43 

Kiskidom 45 

Knappsburgh 57 

Knox 45 

Kortw right 44 

L. 

Lake Maria 43 

Lake Pleasant 51 
Lancaster 57, 61 

Lansing 68 

Lansingburgh 47 

Latintown 43 

Lattingtown 38 

Lassellsville 51 
Lauraville, sec Clyde 

Laurens 52 

Lawrence 63 



INDEX. 



69 



Lawrence Neck and 




Masonville 


11 


Money and Stocks 15, 1 6 


mistakes and cot 




Point 


38 


tfastick 


3.; 


Munificence of the State 


fusion caused by 5, G 


Lawyersville 


16 


Watinicock Point 


38 


17,24—26 


care, and full di 

scriptio\ of, meet 




Lebanon 


5? 


Wattatuck 


31 


N. 




Leo 


54 


ttati iwan 


42 


Xanticoke 50 


sary in writing 


11 


Leicester 


61 


rtayfield 


51 


Sapeage Harbour 3G 


should^ br altered 


56 


Lenox 


58 


Mayville 


65 


Naoenagh 43 


Natural furiosities 


31 


Le Ray 


55 


Mecoxe 


37 


Np'ok-s 62, 55 


P eductions 16 


31 


Le Raysville 


65 


Wechanicb 


42 


Nanvwsburgh 44 


Ntws-papers 


25 


Le Roy 


64 


.VIeclianicksville 


40 


Narrows (The) 




Leurenkill 


13 


Mendon 


63 


of Lake Geo. 48 


0. 




Levana 


60 


Mentz 


60 


of York Bay 35 


Oak Hill 45.48 


Lewis 55 


50 


Meredith 


■1! 


Nassau 47 


Oak Island 


36 


Lewisbnrgh 


13 


"derricks' 


S8 


Natural Canal 56 


Oak Neck 


33 


Lewis's Landing 


42 


Merritts Island 


41 


Stone Bridge 48 


Oak Orchard 


64 


Lewiston 63,71 


Mexico 


56 


Navy Island C5 


Oaksville 


52 


Lexington 


45 


Mexico Point 


5i 


Navy Yard (U. S.) S9 


Oblong 


42 


Lexington Heights 


45 


Midilleburgh 


46 


Near Rockaway 38 


Ocquebogue 
Ogden 


36 


Leyden 


55 


M'ddleburgh Bridge 


■W. 


Nelson 58 


63 


Liberty 


•14 


Middlebury 


64 


Nevesink 44 


Ogdensburgh 


56 


Lima 


61 


Middiebush 


42 


New Antrim 35 


Ogbquago 


50 


Lindsleytown 


57 


Middlefield 


52 


New-Baltimore 45 


Oil Spring 


64 


Linlithgow 


46 


Middle Island 


86 


New Berlin, see Lan- 


Old Field Point 


36 


Lisbon 


56 


Middle Settlement 


54 


caster 57 


Old hoit Clinton 


35 


Lisle 


50 


Middlesex 


62 


New Boston 58 


Constitution 

Independence 


40 


Litchfield 




Middeltown 44,36,41 


, IS 


New Britain 41 


40 


Lithgow 


42 


MiddleviUe 


53 


Ntwburv 41 


Ontario 


56 


Little Britain 


li 


Milan 


42 


Mew-Castle 40 


Old Indian Castle 


53 


Little Falls 


53 


Milford 


52 


New City 35 


Oldenbaineveldt, see 




Little I log Neck Isl- 




Milfordville 


52 


New City Island 40 


Trenton 




and 


37 


Miller's Place 


36 


New Hackensack 42 


Old Man's 


36 


Little Lakes 


53 


Mill Neck 


36 


New Hamburgh 42 


Old Mohawk Town 


51 


Little Neck 


38 


Mill River Hollow 


38 


New-Hartford 54 


Old Town 


37 


Little Keck Bay 


38 


Mills's Pond 


31 


New-Haven 56 


Olean 


64 


Little Plains 


38 


Miiltown 


40 


New Hurly. 43 


Oneida 


54 


Little Shandakan 


43 


Milo 


62 


New-Johnstown 45 


Oneida Castieton 


54 


Little Valley 


64 


Milton 49 


43 


New-Kingston 44 


Oneida (P. 0.) 


54 


Little White Creek 


18 


Minden 


53 


New Lebanon 48 


Onondaga 


69 


Liverpool 


59 


Minerva 


50 


New Lebanon Springs 46 


Hollow 


59 


Livingston 61 


, !'■' 


Minisink 


41 


Ne>v Lisbon 52 


West Hill 


59 


Livingstouville 


46 


Moftits Store (P.O.) 


16 


New Lotts 39 


Castle 


59 


Livonia 


61 


[Old] Mohawk Town 


51 


New Pahz 4S 


Ontario 


62 


Locke 


60 


Mohawk Flats 


43 


New Pallz Landing 43 


Oppenheim 


51 


Lockpovt 63 


i 21 


Moii a 


49 


N ewpon 53 


Oran 


59 


Loomisville 


64 


Moinbackus 




New Rochelle 40 


Orange 


41 


Lorraine 


55 


Monroe 63 


11 


New Rocbelle Landing 40 


Orange Nail Factory 


41 


Louisville 56, 52 


Monroe Works 


41 


New Salem 62 


Orange town 


35 


Lower Red Hook Land- 


Montank Point 


36 


New Sco'.land 45 


Orangeville 


64 


ing 


42 


Montezuma 


60 


New Settlement 3b 


Oriskany 


54 


Lowville 


6,5 


Montgomery 51 


41 


NVw Stockbridge 54 


Orleans 


62 


Low Point, see Car- 




Monticello 


14 


Newtown 39, 43, 49,53,71 


Orville 


59 


thage 


42 


Montville 


60 


Newtown Landing 39 


Orwell 


5H 


Lloyd's Neck 


36 


Mooers 


17 


New Utrecht 39 


Ossian 


60 


Loydsville 


52 


Moravia 


60 


New Village 36 


Oswegatchie 


56 


Ludlow ville 


58 


Moreau 


49 


New Windsor 41 


Oswego 


56 


Lumberland 


44 


Moriah 


50 


Ne\v Woodstock 58 


Oswego Falls 


56 


Luzerne 


4': 


Moriches 


36 


New-York 35 


Otego 


52 


Lyme 


55 


Morrissiana 


40 


Niagara 68 


Otisco 


59 


Lyons 


62 


Morristown 


56 


Niagara Falls 63 


Otisville 


41 


Lysander 


59 


Morrisville 


58 


Nichols's Patent 36 


Otsego 
OtseSek 


52 


Lands Sf Products 14 


-16 


Moscow 


61 


Niskayuna 43,45 


57 


Legislature 


10 


Mosher's Mills 


46 


Nobletown 46 


Ofsequaga 


51 


Literature Fund 


24 


Mott's Cove 


38 


North Amenia 42 


Ovid 


61 






Mount Calvary 


62 


Northampton 5) 


Oxbow 


BS 


M. 




Mount Defiance 


50 


North Blenheim 46 


Oxford 


67 


Maedonough 


57 


Mount Discovery 


50 


North-Castle 40 


Oyster-Bay 


38 


Madison 58,45,71 


Mount Kdmeston 


52 


Northeast 42 


Oyster Pond Point 


37 


Madison Barracks 


55 


Mount Hope 41 


,50 


Northfield 37 






Mallory's Settlement 


53 


Mount Ida Falls 


47 


North Fort 35 


P 




Malone 


49 


Mount Joy 


5! 


North Granville, ste 


Painted-Post 


57 


Malta 


4.' 


Mount Misery 


36 


Fairvale 48 


Pakatakan 


41 


Mamakating 


41 


Mount Morris 


61 


North Hempstead 3! 


Palatine 


51 


Mamaroneck 


40 


Mount-Pleasant 


40 


North Norwich 5" 


Palatine-Bridge 


51 


Manchester 62, 63, 54 


Mount-Upton 


57 


North Salem 4( 


Palmertown 


43 


Manhattauville 


35 


Mount Vernon 


35 


North Scipio 60 


Palmyra 


62 


Manheim 


53 


Murray 


64 


Northumberland 4t- 


Pamelia 


55 


Manees Bay 


37 


Musqueto Cove 


38 


North West 36 


Paoli 


11 


Manlius 


59 


Magazines 2 


J, 18 


Norway 52 


Papnkunk 


4t 


Manlius Centre 


59 


Manufactories and 




Norwich 5" 


Parma 


63 


Manor of Fordham 


40 


other taorhs 


14 


Norwich Society 5l 


Taris 


54 


Mapletown 


47 


Manufactures 


13 


[The] Nose 51 


Paris Hill 


54 


Mai-bletown 


43 


Manufacturing Comp 


a- 


Nunda 6( 


Paris Furnace 


54 


Marcellus 


5B 


nies 13, 14 


Nyack 35 Pariskville 


fit-. 


Marietta 


59 


Middlesex Canal 


22 


Nyack Toint St 


Parsonage Point 


40 


Mc.rlbo rough 


43 


Military Posts (U. S 


) 18 


Nam-..s of plares, same- 


PatchogTie 


36 


Martinsburgh 


55 


Militia and munitions 


ness and similarity of 


Patterson 


■10 


Maryland 


52 


of War 


12 


5, 6', iC 


Pawlings 


42 


Massena 


56 


Mineral Waters 


31 


Orthography of 10,71 


Peach town 


5P 



70 

PeekskM 

Peenpack 

Pelham 

Pembroke 

Peudleton 

Penfield 

Penn-Yan 

Perrinton 

Perry 

Perry sburgh 

Perrysville 

Peru 

Peru Landing 

Peterborough 

Fetersburgh 

Petersfield 

Peth 

Pharsalia 

Phelps 

Philadelphia 

Thilipsburgh 

Philipsburgh Mills 

Philips's Mills 

Philipstown 

Pierrepont 

Piers town 

rike 

Pinckney 

Pint's n»-i 



INDEX. 

40,43 Slaves ]J treasury 

« — of the ^f places", 3^^%" 
k<j!d i .- „ _. "jl^i men. /mW m ^~ .-_ 



Pine's Bridge 

Pine Bush 

Pine Plains 

Pittsfield 

Pittsford 

Pittstown 

riainfield 

Plandome 

Plattekill 

Plattsburgh 

Pleasant riain 

Pleasant-Valley 



Plum Island 
Plumb Island 
Plymouth 
Point au-Fer 
Pomfret 
Pompey 

West Hill 

East Hollow 

Poplar Ridge 

Poppletown 

Porter 

Portland 

Port Bay 

Port-Glasgow 

Port-Lawrence 

Port-Madras 

Port-Putnam 

Port-Watson 

Potsdam 

Poundridge 

Poughkeepsie 

Prattsburijh 

Preble 

Preston 

Prince's Bay 

Princetown 

Trospect Hill 

Providence 

Pulaski 

Pulteney 

Pultneyville 

Putnam 

forty — violence of 28, 30 

s . tr if e ,its evils and 

injury to the State 

x „ 28 > 29 
happy effi cts of its 

cessation or 

rlXtion- 23 ' 29 ' 72 bs S h hf T 1 d 

~°o J flt S c tate r WESS* 

% t T£ l nttes 32 Russia 

of the V. States 12 Rutland 

how employed 12 Rye 

- — excess of ma [ e , 2 | J 



Sj*\P°P*lation-Table 
bj Wrinting 
63\Publick lands, see 
64 Common School and 
64) State Funds 

471 

47 Quaker-Hill 

58 Quarantine Ground 

^ I L Tora Pliinsville 37 

35 (Queens 33 3g 

« Queens °ourt House ' S9 
57 Queensbury 
62 Queens Village 
55 Quorue 
40, 41 ' 
60| 

37 iRacketon, see 
401 Louisville 
56 Ram Island 
52 Knmapoug-h 
60 Randolph 
55 (Ransom's Grove 
40lRawsonsville 
43, 53|Raynortown 
42 Reading 
52 Kedfield 
63 Red Hook 
47 [Upper and Lower] 

39IRemsen 

43 j Rensselaer 

11 Rensselear's Mills 

42 Rensselaerville 
40, 42, Rbinebeck 
43, 50 Rhinebeck Flats 
ol L R . hine "eck Landing 
39 Richfield fc 

57 Richland 
47 Richmond, 
65 (Richmond Hill 
59 Riders ville 
59|Ridg'ewav 

59 Riga 

60 Riker's Island 
43 Ripley 
63 [The] River, see 
r?L PI,ili Ps's Mills 
blJRiverhead 

61 (Robin Island 

58|Rochester 

56|Rochestei-viIle 

55 Rockaway Beach 

521 Neck 

f n L Ne "] Rockaway 

40 Rockland 

42 Rockland C. H. 

57 Rocky Point 

52 (Rodman 

57 Rodman's Neck 

^qId„5.. 49 Sempronius 
44 1 c^» 



nun and men ... 
office enhanced by 
our elevated situa- 
tion a,d abun- 
dant means 28 
Revenue of the State 26 27 

C'WiV.r. 27 

U.S.inJV.y. 18 

permanent system 
of, might be esta- 
blished, without 
reliance on other 
nations 9 72 

48 \ Review of t he p rogres's, 
ab situation, and pros- 
I pects of the State 27—30 

nrujf: fttij D..-.-J -_ 



hoods and Bridges 

I S 

56 Sackett's Harbour 

37 Sagg 

35 Sagg-Harbour 

50 Salem 
65 Salina 

51 Salisbury 

38 Salisbury [Mills] 
57 Salmon Creek Falls 
ob Salmon River 

42,39 Salubria 
do. I Sand Lake 
42 Sands's Point 
52 Sandy-Creek 
47 Sandy-Hill 
47 Sanford 
45 Sangersfield 
42 1 Saratoga 

42 Saratoga Springs 
421 Sardinia 
52/ Saugerties 
56 1 Saughquoit 
3J,62| Saw Pits 
So, 62|Scarsdale 
49/Scawyace 

64jSchaghticoke 
63 — P i nt 

Schenectady , 

Schodack / 

Schodack Landing 4 
Schoharie 
Schoharie Bridge 
Schroon 
Schryer's Hook 

— bchuyler 

38 Schuylersville 

38 Schuyler's Island 
a ° ocipio 

35, 44jScotchtown 
S5 Scotia 

36, 38 Scott 
55|Scottsville 
40 Scriba 



IT 



65 



39, 43 Rome 
49 (Romulus 
56|Rose Hill 
57 Rosendale 

Roseville 

Roscommon 

Rossie 

Rossie Iron Works 

Rotterdam 

Rouse's Point 

Roxbury 

Royalton 



Shooter's Isiand and 

Aleadows gj 

Sidney ' 

Sidney Plains 44 

^Jgnal Hill 37 

Sing-Sing 4Q 

oinclairsvillo 65 

Skaneateles 59 

[Skenandoa 54 

Slaughter's Landing 35 

Sloansville 45 

'Sloop Landing 

Sloat Landing 

'Smith borough 

JSmithfield 

Smith's Landing 

Smith's Point 

.Smith's Village 

'Smithville 

Smith's Vallev 

Smithstown 

Smith town 

Smoaking Point 

Smyrna 

[Snarlingtown 

Snow's Bridge 

Sodus 

Solon 

Soraers 

Ifouth Bainbridge 
(South Durham 
Southeast 
Southfield 
.South German 
South Granville 
South Hampton 
|South Harpersfield 
(Southhold 
South Oyster-Bay 
South Pembroke 
'South Salem 
(Spaflbrd 
Sparta 
ISpeckenkiU 
.Speeds ville 
[Spencer 

.Spencer-Corners 
Spencer's Corner 
[Spencertown 
Speyunk 
Spiegel-Town 
Split Rock 
Springfield 
Springtown 
Springville 
Springwater 
Squantick 
St. George's Manor 
ot. Johnsville 
St. Lawrence 
St. Regis 
Staatsburgh 
Stamford 
Stanford 
Stanton Hill 
Stepbentown 
Sterling 



61 
35 
53 
58 
35 
36 
41 
57,65 
£8 
51 
37 
37 
57 
42 
59 
62 
52 
40 
57 
46 
40 
37 
57 
48 
37 
44 
37 
38 
64 
44 
59 
61,40 
42 



62 

40,48 



- •" Duaron 
43, 56 Sharp Point, see Old 
4J Field Point. 
44 Shawans-unk 
63 Shelby 
38 Sheldon 
63 Shell's Bush 
60 Shelter-Island 
62 jShenevas Flats 
5b I Sherburne 
53 Sherriwaugh, see Har-' 
55 bour Head 37 1 

40 Shmnecaugh Plains 37 
I onokan 43 



INDEX. 



n 



auuiiiCi- Society 


53 


Sunswick 


39 


Swartkill 


43 


Sweden 


63 


Syracuse 


59 



Salt and Salt Springs 

14, 23, 59—63 
— — revenue from 14 
Seminaries of Learning 

23—26 
Senatorial districts 9, 10 
Sheep in the State 15 

Ship-building 18 

Slavery, to cease 12 

Slaves — No. of, at dif- 
ferent periods 12 
Societies — of various 

kinds 16 

Statisticks — use and im- 
portance of 7, 8, 9 
Strife for power and 
place, incident to 
great publick wealth 
and patronage 28, 29 
Sugar (maple) 1 4 
Summary views of the 
State, its scenery, 
beauty, and variety 31 

T. 

Taberg 54 

Taghconick 46 

Tagheonick Flats 46 

Tangore 48 

Tappan 35 

Teller's Point 40 

Ten Mile River 44 

Teresa 55 

The Nose 51 
The River, see 

Philips's Mills. ( 

Thompson 44 
Thousand Islands 55, 56 

Three River point 59 

Throg's Neck 40 

Throopsville 60 

Ticonderoga 50 

Tioga 53 

Tomhanick 47 
Tompkins 58, 44 

Tompkinsville 37 
Tonnewanta Indian 

Village 64 

Tremainsville 58 

Trempersville 44 

Trenton 64 
Troupsburgh 

Troupsville 62 
Troy 

Truxton 52 

Tuckahoe 40 

Tully 59 

Tully Flats 59 

Tunessassah 64 

Tuscarora 63 



Two Brothers (islands) 39 
Tylersville 55 
Table of Batiks 34, 72 
of Progressive Po- 
pulation by Coun- 
ties 32 
• of Common 
Schools and Va- 
luation of proper- 
ty by do. 33, 72 
Territory of the State — 
its extent and fine 
situation 31 
Thirst for domination 

criattd by prosperity 29 
Tonnage of the State 

and U.S. 17,18 

Topographical Tables 
of the several coun- 
ties — their arrange- 
ment and use 6, 7 
— commence at p. 35 
Travelling — accommo- 
dations, facilities, and 
inducements for 31 
Turnpikes and T. Com- 
panies 17 

U. 



Ulster 


43 


Ulysses 


58 


Unadilla 


52 


Union 


50 


Union Village 48, 45 


47 


Union Springs 


60 


United States Navy 


Yard, see Brooklyn 


39 


Unity Mills 


41 


Unqua Neck 


38 


Upper Red-Hook 


42 


Landing 


42 


Utica 54 


71 


United States revenue 


18 


Post Offi-.es 


18 


Military Posts 


18 


Naval Stations 


l c : 


Magazines and 




Arsenals « 


18 


Debt in 1812 and 




1821 9 


72 


University 


24 


V. 




Valcour Island 


47 


Valentine's Hill 


10 


Van Schaick's Island 


45 


Verbank 


42 


Verdrietige Hook 


3.1 


Vernon 


54 


Verona 


54 


Valley Forge 


50 


Verplanck's Foint 


40 


Victor 


62 


Victory 


60 


Vienna 54 


,62 



Virgil 


62 


Volney 


56 


Voorheisville 


51 


Valuation (State) 


15,33 


by the U. S. 


15 


Value of all property in 


the State 


16 


Villages — what 


11 


Villages and cities 


the 


principal ones 


and 


population 


11, 12 


W. 




Waddington 


56 


Wading River 


36 


Waehkunk 


43 


Walkboght 


39 


Wallkill 


41 


Walloomscoick 


43 


Wales 


65 


Walton 


44 



Wappinger's Creek, see 

New-Hamburgh 41 
Wardsbridge, see 

Montgomery 41 

Ward's Point 37 

Wardwell 55 
Warren 48, 53 

Warrensburgh 48 

Warsaw 64 

Warwarsing 43 

Warwick 41 
Washington 48,42,45 

Washingtonville 41 

Washington Hollow 42 

Waterford 49 

Waterloo 61 

Watertown 55 
Waterville 44, 54 

Watervliet 45 

Watson 55 

Wayne 57 

Waynesburgh 35 

Wells 51 

Wenscoat 36 

West Batterv 35 

West Bloomfield 62 

Westbury S9 

West Camp 43 
West-Cuyuga 

West-Chester 40 

West Clarence 65 

Western 54 

Westerlo 45 

West Farms 40 
Westfield 37, 65 

West Fields 36 

Westford 52 

West-Hampton 37 

West Hartford 48 

West Hills 36 
West Kaater's Kill 

Falls 45 

West Middleburgh 46 

West Middle Island 36 



CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 



Westmoreland 

West Northeast 

West-Point 

Westport 

West Pulteney 

West-River 

West-town 

Westville 

Whale Neck 

Wheatland 

Wheatley 

Whitesborough 

White-Creek 

Whitehall 

White-Hall 

White Lake 

White-Plains 

Whitestone 

Whitestown 

Whitesville 

Whortleberry Island 40 

Willett 62 

Williamsburgh 39, 61 

Williamson 62 

Williamson South 62 

Williamstown 

Willsborough 

W'lna a 

Wilson ^ 

Wilton 

Windham 

Windsor 

Winfield 

Winnecomick 

Wirtemburgh 

Wolcott 

Wolcott East 

Wolf Island 

Wolver-hollow 

Woodstock 

Worcester 

Wright's Settlement 54 

Wynans-kill 47 

War, munitions of, i[C. 12 
-preparations for in 
peace 7, 8, 9 

— one couse of ex- 
pense and embar- 
rassment in the 
last 7, 8, 9 

Washington's ad- 
vice on it 8 



Yankey Bush 53 

Yankey Town 43 

Yellow-Hook 39 

Yonkers 40 

York 61 

Yorkshire 64 

Yorktow n 40 

Young Hopewell 43 

Youngstown 63 

Youngs ville 59 



54 
42 
41 
50 

63 
62 
41 

60 

38 
63 
38 
54 

48 
48 
45 
44 
40 
38 
54 
55 



The great difficulty of correcting the proof sheets of such crowded pages, abounding with so many 
marks, figures, &c. as the foregoing, has rendered it necessary to note some unavoidable errours and omis- 
sions. 1. Ina small part of the impression, the words "Mountfiins" and " paincipal" appear instead of 
" mountains" and •' principal." In the preface, (3d page,) 15th line from the bottom, the comma before 
™ and" should be sti-uck out. and the word " the" should be inserted between " and" and " price." 

2. In 12th page, 31st line from top, for morters read mortars— 15th page, 2d line from top, read 
tolerably instead of tolerable— 28th page, 29th line from top, strike out the comma after the words 
" while yet"— 30th page, 3d line from bottom Cof the note J the beginning of the quotation should be af- 
ter and not or/a»-e the word " would-be :"— and the 64th page, instead of " Friend's Settlement," read 
" Friends' Settlement." 

3. In 54th page, Et the village of UTICA, instead of " 4 churches," read "5 churches." It should also 
be added, that the SUPREME COURT, by law, now holds its October Term at Utica— the other tAree 
Terms are held m May at New- York, and in January and August at Albany. 

4. In 33th page, town of Oyster-Bay, strike out " Cow Harbour," which is in Huntington (n. 36 ) and 
was inserted in page 38 by mistake. In the 18th page,2d line above the words "GRAND CANALS," 
for " Wallabout," read " Wall.iboght," as it is in page 39— for which orthography the same reason 
exists as tor that of The Boght in Albany county. I believe nobody would think of writing it, The Bout. 
,£' A , lhe several names of Fishkill, page 42, Deposit, page 44, Columbixville, page 46, Newtown, 
(Tioga.) page 53, Madison, ('Madison Co.) page 58, and Lewiston, page 63, read " [inc.]"— these places 
being also villages incorporated by law. Page 9, note (c) for 2811, read 1811. 



72 SUPPLEMENT. 

While the Manual was in the press, some changes were taking place, and new facis 
were received, in relation to some of its subjects : — 

1. COMMON SCHOOLS, ante, page 23.— From the Report of the Secretary of State 
I have inserted (page 33) a Table, exhibiting the situation of these schools in the several 
counties. Thejirst column is a \ht\e varied, and the whole of the last added for the Assessors' 
Valuation of property It is but seven years since the State began effectually to put tlie sys- 
tem in practice; and since that period, the number of children annually instructed in these 
schools has increased from 140,000 to 333,000. The Secretary observes, that the number of 
districts still increases annually- Besides the number of children from 5 to 15, residing in 
the districts reported, and the number actually taught therein, in 1821, (as at the foot of the 
7th and 6th columns of the Table,) 27 towns made no reports, and 1 1 more only imperfect ones. 
These facts, and those mentioned (page 24, ante,) relative to city and other schools, justify the 
Secretary in estimating the number instructed, in 1821, at 375,000 — more than one fourth of 
our whole population : and this, too, during at least eight months in the year ! 

2. BANKS, pp. 17, 34. — It should be noted, that the business of Niagara and Jefferson 
county Banks has been suspended, and that of Hudson Bank has nearly or wholly ceased. 

3. INSURANCE COMPANIES, p. 17. — Since this article was-written, two more Compa- 
nies, have been incorporated in the city of New- York, and applications for others are pending 
in the Legislature. 

4. STATE CENSUS, pp. 12, 14, 15.— In this return of electors, manufactures, &tc. three 
towns were wholly omitted, no returns from them having been made. The number of all de- 
scriptions of voters is, therefore, at least 260,000 ; and all the other statements are a little 
short of the actual amount. 

5. TOLL»n the Canals, p. 20.— The Constitution, Art. 7, Sec. 10, declares that toll, not 
less than tire rates named in said 20th page, "shall be imposed," &c. and, until the Canal- 
loans and expenses are fully paid, said toll shall not be "reduced or diverted." It is con- 
sidered as fixed at those rates for some time, at least, though it can be raised ; and it may be- 
come necessary to add something to those rates, after the whole extent shall have been com- 
pleted long enough to ascertain the amount of the navigation. %* The number of boats, 
which (in 1821) passed the collector's office at Rome, on the Erie Canal, was 2,731. 

6. COURTS (" Judicial Power") p. 10. — The Oyer and Terminer (criminal court) was not 
enumerated in this article, because it is unknown what arrangement will be made respecting 
it by the Legislature, in providing for the new circuit courts. 

8". CIVIL DIVISIONS (towns) pp. 11, 33.— Since January 1, 1822, and before the 4th of 
March, four new towns were erected, which I have inserted in their proper counties — making 
617. Sundry others will be erected before the Legislature adjourns, and the names of some, 
perhaps, altered. Such may be easily inserted with a pen in their appropriate places. 

9. NEWS-PAPERS, Sic. p. 25.— I purposely omitted the many semi-weekly papers issued 
from daily-offices, not considering them separate establishments, and desiring to be rather 
tvithin than without the actual number and amount, in all things. 

10. NATIONAL DEBT — Industry — System of Revenue — Economy — Resources, Review, 
Prospect's, &c. pp. 8, 9, 27 — 31. — Since the first forty of these pages were printed, an able 
writer in the " Ithaca Chronicle," has (without descending to particulars) given a brief and 
most interesting view of the happy circumstances and prospects of the State ; in which I am 
glad to find powerful support in all I have written in a humbler manner. And in relation 
to the necessity and practicability of a permanent system of revenue, even the editors of lead- 
ing papers of various and opposite politicks seem generally to concur in the opinion, now ex- 
pressed by some of our representatives, that something must be done. New or longer loans 
are proposed in Congress, under the title of " Exchange of Stocks ;" which, though doubtless 
necessary, on our present system, should awaken the attention of the people to the means of 
extricating the nation from such embarrassments. I can never believe it necessary to veil 
our real situation from the eyes of the people of this country. They are not so much " their 
own enemies," as not to be trusted with the naked truth. And for this plain, blunt reason, 
a member from Kentucky desired " to have things called by their right names — they would 
then be belter understood by the people." 

If the facts and information, mentioned in pages 7, '), and 9, were collected and presented 
to us in one view, such an " Account of Stock," with such a country and population, would 
make us ashamed to borrow six millions yearly to pay the interest of borrowed money ! 
Cheerfully would the people support, nay loudly call for, some fair and open measures gradu- 
ally to discharge the debts of the nation. And when it is confessed in the Capitol, that it is 
now " the first time in many years, that Congress has gone into an examination of our finan- 
cial concerns" — an examination elsewhere should be oftener instituted. " Many years" more 
of delay or disguise would end in ruin. However pure and patriotick may be the intentions of 
our rulers, the people, in a government of themselves, can preserve it only by " unceasing vi- 
gilance." On this condition we hold our liberty. No nation ever found or ever will find " an- 
gels in the form of men to govern it." Errours, if not abuses, will occur ; and with a double 
set of governments and rulers, either of which (the stale or national) has power to bind us 
to an) 7 amount, our duty is imperative. No one, who values these governments or loves his 
country, should neglect an opportunity to inculcate it. The good character and high stand- 
ing of men in office, and the salutary guards and checks in the constitution and laws, may af- 
ford some security : but if these are not examined or compared with measures, they lose 
their use and effect. And, at last, the preservation of all rests in the watchfulness of the people — 

" For, if they do not guard themselves, 

" All other guards are vain." 



73 

SKCOND SUPPLEMENT, 

Containing the Alterations and Auditions made since 1821. 

O* In the county of Livingston, [see page 61,] the town of FREEPORT, contain . 
ing 1238 inhabitants in 1820, was inadvertently omitted. It should have been in - 
serted between the towns of Caledonia and Geneseo, and in the Index, page 68. lis 
name has recently been changed by law to that of Boiver&ville. The mark [inc.] t > 
designate an incorporated village, was also omitted after Sing-Sing, (p. 40,) which is 
an incorporated village. See also page 71, " Corrections and Additions." 

Since March 1st, 1822, there have been erected and established two New 
Counties and 69 new towns, and the names of 8 towns have been altered' • 
as follows : 

WAYNE COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Ontario Lake, E. by Cayuga Co. S. by Seneca and Oi - 
tario Co's. and W. by Monroe Co. and contains about 22,500 inhabitants, (by 
census of 1820.) 

Rivers, Lakes, fyc. — Part of Mud Creek (or Clyde river) and of Canandaigua 
river or outlet, Salmon and other creeks ; part of Ontario lake, Great Sodus, 
Little Sodus, East, and Port bays, &c. 

Towns, &fc. — It contains the following 8 towns, taken from Ontario Co. 
(page 62) except Wolcottand Galen, which are taken from Seneca Co. (page 
61) as follows — the " Villages and other places" being the same as set against 
each town on pages 61 and 62. The courts are held in the village of Lyons 
in the town of Lyons. 

Galen 2,979 inhab. Ontario 2,233 inhab. 

Lyons 6,163 do Sodus 2,013 do 

Macedon (included in) Williamson 2,581 do 

Palmyra 3,724 do Wolcott 2,867 do 



YATES COUNTY 

Is bounded N. by Ontario Co. E. by Seneca lake, which separates it fron i 
Seneca Co. S. by Steuben Co. and W. by Ontario Co. and contains ab< ut 
13,725 inhabitants (by the census of 1820.) 

Rivers, Lakes, Sfc. — The outlet of Crooked Lake and part of Flint creek ; 
the greater part of Crooked Lake, part of Canandaigua Lake, and part of Se • 
neca Lake. 

Towns, fyc. — It contains the following 7 towns, taken from Ontario Co. 
(page 62) except Barrington and Starkey, which were taken from Wayne, ami 
Reading in Steuben Co. (page 57) as follows — the " Villages and other places,' 1 
being the same as set against each town (except those recently erected) on 
pages 57 and 62. The courts are held in the village of Penn-Yan, in the town 
of Benton. 

Barrington 1,200 inhab. 

Benton 3,357 do 

Italy 728 do 

Jerusalem 1.610 do 



Middlesex 


2,718 inhab. 


Milo 


2,612 do 


Starkey 


1,500 do 



COUNTIES ALTERED. 

1. Ontario Co. (page 62) has been reduced by the towns of Lyons, (ami 
a part of Phelps,) Macedon, Palmyra, Ontario, Sodus, and Williamson, bein^ 
set off to form Wayne Co. and Benton, Italy, Jerusalem, Middlesex, and Milo, 
to form Yates Co — which leaves 'tis population about 33.506 (by the census of 
1820.) 

10 



74 

2. Seinkca Co. (page 01,) by the annexation ol tl$ e towns of (ialen and Woi- 
cott to Wayne Co. has been reduced in population to 1 6,773 (by the census of 
1820.) 

3. Steuben Co. (page 57,) by the annexation of Barrington and Starkey, 
new towns formed out of Wayne and Reading, to Yates Co. (to take effect 
Jan. 1, 1826,) has been reduced in population to about 19,289 (by the census 
of 1820.) 

4. Broome Co. (page 50,) has, by the annexation of the towns of Berk- 
shire and Owego to Tioga Co. been reduced in population to 11,100 (by the 
census of 1820.) 

5. Tioga Co. (page 53,) has been enlarged by the addition of the two towns 
of Berkshire and Owego from Broome County, as above mentioned ; and the 
courts are held part of the time at the Village of Owego instead of Spencer. 
But the towns of Cayuta, Caroline, and Danby have been taken from this 
county and annexed to Tompkins Co. and the name of Cayuta changed to that 
of Neivfield — thereby taking more inhabitants from it, than it received from 
Broome Co. and leaving the population (of Tioga Co.) but 14,716, according 
to the census of 1820. 

6. Tompkins Co. (page 58,) has received an addition of the three towns 
last mentioned {Caroline, Neivfield, and Danby,) from Tioga Co. making its 
population 26,179 (by the census of 1820.) 

7. Essex Co. has been enlarged by the addition of some little territory on 
the Western side, not yet inhabited. 

8. Otsego Co. has been enlarged by the addition of a part of the town of 
Franklin in Delaware Co. which has been annexed to the new town of Hunts- 
ville, by which the population of Otsego Co. may have been augmented to 
about 45,856, according to the census of 1820. 

9. Delaware Co. has, by the above addition to Otsego Co. been reduced 
in population to about 25,687, according to the same census- 

10. Greene Co. has, by the annexation of a part of the town of Sauger- 
ties to that of Catskill, received an addition of probably about 1000 toils 
population. 

11. And Uesteii Co. from which part of Saugerties has been taken, has 
consequently been reduced in population by the same amount. 

NEW TOWNS ERECTED. 

In Allegany Co. Andover from Independence, Allen and Scio from Angel- 
ica, Eagle from Pike, and Orrinsburgh from Cancadea, 5. In Broome Co. 
Conklin from Chenango, and Vestal from Union, 2. In Cattaraugus Co. 
Ashford from EUicottville, Cold-Spring and Connewango from Little Valley, 
and Otto from Pike, 4. In Chautauque Co. Busti from Ellicottand Harmony, 
Cllington from Gerry, Mina from Clymer, and Villenova from Hanover, 4. 
In Cayuga Co. Auburn and Fleming from Aurelius, and Ledyard, Spring- 
Port, and Venice from Scipio, 5. In Chenango Co. Lincklaen from German, 
1. In Clinton Co. Saranac from Plattsburgh, 1. In Columbia Co. Copake 
from Taghconick, and Stuyvesant from Kinderhook, 2. In Dutchess Co. 
Pine-Plains from North-East and Amenia, 1. In Erie Co. Alden and Erie 
from Clarence, 2. In Genesee Co. Oak-Orchard from Ridgeway and Gaines, 
Wcathersfield from Oraogeville, and Northton (now changed to Yates) from 
Ridgeway, 3. In Herkimer Co. West-Brunswick from Norway, 1. In Ma- 
dison Co. Fenner from Cazenovia and Smithfield, 1. In Montgomery Co. 
Glen from Charleston, and Root from Charleston and Canajoharie, 2. In 
Monroe Co. Greece from Gates, 1. In JYiagara Co. Lock port from Royal- 
ton, Somerset from Hartland, and New-Fane from Wilson, Hartland, and So- 
merset, 3. In Oneida Co. Annsville from Lee, Florence, Cambden, and Vi- 
enna, 1. In OntarioCo. Hopewell from Gorham, 1. In Orange Co. Craw- 
ford from Montgomery, 1. In Otsego Co. Huntsville from Unadilla and 
Franklin (Delaware Co. as before stated,) 1. In St. Lawrence Co. Norfolk 
•Vom Louisville. 1. In Steuben Co. Barrington (annexed to Yates Co. as 



4i) 

before stated,) and Tyrone from Wayne, Cameron from Addison, and Urbana 
from Bath, 4. In Tioga Co. Big-Flat from Elmira, Barton and Nichols from 
Tioga, Catlin and Veteran from Catherines, Cayuta from Spencer (New field, 
lateCayuta, being annexed to Tompkins Co.) Erin and Southport from Che- 
mung, and Westville (now altered to Newark) from Berkshire, 9. In Ulster 
Co. Olive from Marbletown and Hurley, 1. In Washington Co. Dresden 
from Putnam, 1. In Wayne Co. Macedon from Palmyra, 1. In Yates Co. 
Starkeyfrom Reading, (late in Steuben Co.) 1. 

NAMES OF TOWNS ALTERED. 

1. Cayuta in Tompkins Co. (formerly in Tioga Co.) altered to Neivfield, 
and another Cayuta erected in Tioga Co. as already mentioned. 

2. Danville in Essex Co. altered to Wilmington. 

3. Frceport in Livingston Co. to Boiversville. 

4. Ischua in Cattaraugus to FranJdinville. 

5. Lancaster in Chenango Co. to Neiv- Berlin, its former name. 

6. Northton in Genesee, by the " force and effect" of a late statute (though, 
not expressly) has been altered to Yates. 

7. Pamelia in Jefferson Co. to Leander. 

8. Westville in Tioga Co. (late in Broome Co.) to Neivark. 

STATISTICKS.* 

Many of the articles under this part of the work, in the Introduction, have 
undergone little or no material alteration, or none that I can correctly ascer- 
tain, since March, 1822 ; while others have — as follows : 



* In the second head of the Introduction, the division of the State into Counties, I 
made a Note (page 9) on Government, in which the Executive and Judicial de- 
partments were briefly explained, and the Senatorial districts (from which the first 
branch of the Legislature is formed) were set forth. The new counties of Wayne anfl 
Yates lie in the 7th Senatorial District — which see, page 10. 

Assembly, or House of Represenlatives-^see page 32. By the Act of April 12th. 
1822, and the acts erecting two new Counties, the representatives are apportioned 
among the several counties, under the Amended Constitution, as follows, viz. 

1. Counties entitled to One Representative. — Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, 
Chautauque, Clinton, Erie, Essex, Franklin, Kings, Lewis, Niagara, Oswego, Putnam, 
Richmond, Rockland, St. Lawrence, Schenectady, Sullivan, Warren, and Yates. (20.) 

2. Counties entitled to Two. — Courtlandt, Delaware, Greene, Livingston, Queens. 
Schoharie, Seneca, Steuben, Suffolk, Tioga, Tompkins, and Wayne. (24.) 

3. Counties entitled to Three. — Albany, Chenango, Columbia, Herkimer, Jeffer- 
son, Madison, Monroe, Saratoga, Ulster, West-Chester, and Ontario. (33.) 

4. Counties entitled to Four. — Cayuga, Dutchess, Genesee, Montgomery (including 
Hamilton, which is not yet organized,) Onondaga, Orange, Otsego, Rensselaer, and 
Washington. (36.) 

5. Oneida is entitled to Five members. (5.) 

6. And the city and county of New- York to Ten. Total, 128. 

N,. B. These are elected annually — the Senators for four years, one in each of the 
eight districts annually. 

Courts (" Judicial Power,") pages 10 and 72. — Since the publication of the Ma- 
nual, an Act has been passed establishing the eight Senatorial Districts as so manv 
Judicial Circuits, to each of which a Circuit-Judge is assigned, who also holds the 
courts of Oyer and Terminer and Gaol Delivery (criminal courts) in the respective 
counties of his Circuit, unless the Justices of the Supreme Court, or some of them, ap- 
pear to hold the same, which it is not expected ever will be the case, except on some 
special or important occasion. These Circuit-Judges have, within the limits of their 
respective Circuits, concurrent jurisdiction with the Chancellor, of all matters and 
causes of equity, subject to an appeal to the Chancellor ; and they hold separate courts 
and Terms for hearing all such matters, and proceed not by way of the equity-side in 
their common law-court, ns in the English Exchequer, and some courts in other Stat«>f 



76 

Civil Divisions and Population, pages 11 and 72.-— The State now 
contains 55 Counties, 690 towns (including the 5 cities,) about 700 villages, 
iH a nnnulation estimated at 1.550.000.* 



contains oo vyounues, o»v unvua ^inuiuu 
and a population estimated at 1,550,000.* 



The Supreme Court holds/our Terms a year viz. on the third Monday of February 
and the third Monday of October in Albany, on the first Monday of May in New-York, 
and on the first Monday of August in Utica. 

Congress, page 10. — By a late law, the State is divided into thirty Districts for the 
choice of its 34 Representatives in the Congress of the United States, as follows — each 
district electing one member, except those three to which more are annexed in a pa- 
renthesis. 

District No. 1, Suffolk and Queens. No. 2, Rockland, Richmond, and Kings. No. 
3. New-York, (3 members.) No. 4. Putnam and West Chester. No. 5, Dutchess. 
No. 6, Orange. No. 7, Ulster and Sullivan. No. 8, Columbia. No. 9, Rensselaer. 
No. 10, Albany. No. 11, Greene and Delaware. No. 12, Schoharie and Schenec- 
tady. No. 13, Otsego. No. 14, Oneida. No. 15, Herkimer. No. 16, Montgomery 
and Hamilton. No. 17, Saratoga. No. 18, Washington. No. 19, Franklin, Clinton, 
Essex, and Warren. No. 20, Oswego, Jefferson, Lewis, and St. Lawrence (2 mem- 
bers.) , No. 21, Chenango and Broome. No. 22, Madison and Courtlandt. No. 23, 
Onondaga. No. 24, Cayuga. No. 25, Tompkins and Tioga. No. 26, Ontario, Seneca, 
Wayne, and Yates (2 members.) No. 27, Monroe and Livingston. No. 28, Catta- 
raugus, Allegany, and Steuben. No. 29, Genesee. No. 30, Chautauque, Niagara, 
and Erie. 

* Cities and Villages, pages 11 and 12. — New-York begins duly to appreciate 
the great and enlivening effects which the Grand Canals will produce, the principal of 
which will fall to her share ; and already her improvements begin to correspond with 
the anticipated result. It is estimated, that about 1000 houses will be built in the 
course of this present year in only one of her ten wards; and, with the stores and 
dwellings already finished or contracted for in the other nine wards, it is probable the 
whole number built and to be built in the whole city, during 1824, will not fall short Of 
3,500, of which about 500 are in the places of old or small buildings, leaving about 
3,000 additional or entirely new ones. The population probably does not now mate- 
rially differ from 140,000; and instead of 74 places of publick worship (as stated on 
page 35,) this city now has 85 — and, as there are 4 or 5 more in building or nearly 
finished, there will be, at the close of this year, about 90. 

Albany is also anticipating her portion of the benefits of the canals, which terminate 
in the upper or northern part of the city, from which point a company, formed by sun- 
dry of her citizens, (with a capital of upwards of $100,000) is constructing an im- 
mense basin along nearly the whole front or eastern side of the city. The principal 
dock along the Hudson being somewhat in a crescent-form, a pier or mole 80 feet at 
bottom and 76 at top, extending from the above point 4300 feet to the lower part of the 
principal dock aforesaid, will form a basin of about two acres surface, which will com- 
pletely secure canal boats and coasting and river sloops from high winds and rough 
water. By a lock at the lower end, 180 feet long and 30 wide, sloops can pass in and 
out, and thus the trans-shipment of cargoes from these vessels to canal boats, andrt're 
versa, can be easily and expeditiously effected, without any expense for landing, cart- 
age, or storage. It is contemplated to build a row of stores on the mole, its whole 
length, on the east side of which will run a street 25 feet wide, connected with the dock 
and other streets of the city, by 6 or 8 bridges over the basin — forming a great addition 
and ornament, as well as convenience, to the city, and affording great advantages to the 
canal and river craft, and (it is hoped) profit to the publick-spirited and enterprising 
citizens, who have undertaken such a splendid improvement. 

Brooklyn has rapidly increased, both in business and population since the census of 
1820. In 1822 were built 10 la.rge fire-proof warehouses, and fifty dwelling-bouses, 
besides sundry manufactories. In 1822 were built, besides manufactories, one wooden- 
framed and two brick churches, 10 stores, and 164 dwellings. The village, last winter, 
contained 8 rope-walks, 7 distilleries, 2 chain-cable manufactories, 2 tan-works, 2 ex- 
tensive white lead manufactories, a glass manufactory, 7 tide and 2 wind-mills,a bank, 
and an insurance company, with card, comb, pocket-book, floor-cloth, and various 
other manufactories, and (not 4 as on page 39, but) seven churches. Its present popu- 
lation may be about 7,000, including the U. S. Navy-yard and its tenants. But, al- 
though this village will continue to flourish and increase in population as the city of 



77 

The Militia (see page 12) enrolled last year, 1823, consisted of 1S2,639 
infantry, 8,622 artillery, and 5,448 cavalry— total 146,709. 

Salt, page 14. — The manufacture of coarse salt in the town of Salina has 
recently been commenced ; and about 12,000 bushels had been made previous 



New- York does ; and, although it must forever remain a separate name and corporate 
body — still, in effect, and in the reality of business, it is but a part of the great city, 
A great many of its inhabitants not only do business, but have their whole business 
and counting rooms in New- York. Indeed, there is a considerable portion of the 
merchants of New- York, who do mercantile business no where else, whose families 
reside, and who reside themselves, permanently out of the city, but within 10, 12, or 
15 miles ; and still more, who reside in Brooklyn, Jersey, Tompkinsville, Hoboken, and 
within 3 or 4 miles of the city, and off the Island. Their counting-rooms are in town ; 
their sole business, and either a partner, or clerk, is there ; but they generally lodge at 
their family's residence out of town, there vote at elections, &c. and themselves and 
their families are there numbered in the census. So that the population of New York 
is not so large, as it appears in the last census, as it would be, by 6 or 8 thousand, if 
like most other cities (except Boston,) it had in it the families and servants of all, who 
permanently do their business and consider themselves as deeply interested and settled 
in this city. This will be yearly more and more the peculiar case with New-York ; 
and, in a few years there will be a vast population close around this city, on Long and 
Staten Islands, and in New-Jersey, virtually belonging to and identified with New- 
York, but yet not in point of form admitted in the census as her population. 

Troy has also made great improvement since the great fire there in June, 1820, by 
which property to the amount of $370,000 was destroyed ; and by which accident 
the census, taken in Atrgust or September following, did not (I imagine) embrace the 
full population of Troy in ordinary times. But the buildings destroyed by the fire 
have been replaced by new and handsome ones, and many others erected; and the 
manufactures of the city have been greatly augmented. Distinguished as a place of 
the most mercantile discernment and enterprise of any in the Union, of similar mag- 
nitude, it has also adantages for manufactures by water-power and otherwise, which 
leave it inferior to few or no places in that respect. And, as it has many excellent 
flour-mills, and seats for many more, (advantages, which neither Albany, nor the vil- 
lages above, possess,) it is believed that this city can fairly contend with Albany for 
the Western, and out-doit in the Northern trade ; and that, as there has of late years 
been more wheat annually shipped from Troy than from Albany; and, as a side-cut 
opposite Troy enables boats from the Erie Canal to reach that city in six miles less 
distance than Albany — there can be little doubt that Troy will reap its full share of the 
benefits of the canals. Its present permanent population is believed to be about the 
same as that of Brooklyn, above estimated at 7,000 ; but as some part of the popula- 
tion of the latter (at the Navy-Yard) may be considered as variable or fluctuating, 
Troy may fairly be considered the third place in the State in numbers as well as in 
commerce — in manufactures perhaps it is the second. It has one semi-weekly and two 
weekly gazettes; about 60 sloops, that ply on the Hudson; and consists of six instead 
of 4 wards, as erroneously stated on page 74. 

Utica, now the fifth town in the State, has increased comparatively faster than any 
of the foregoing; its population in November last amounting to 4,017. It has now 
seven houses of publick worship ^instead of 4 or 5, as on pages 54 and 71,) and a large 
and flourishing academy. One term of the Supreme Court and the Common Pleas (oc- 
casionally) are held in this village. It has also many manufacturing establishments, 
and now probably 4250 inhabitants, or more. 

Rochester, Monroe county. The name of this village (see pages 12 and 63, town of 
Gates,) has been thus settled by law, and the addition of ville struck off; and it is 
now necessary that the town of Rochester in Ulster should have some other and a 
different name. In 1812 there were only 2 ordinary dwellings on the site of this vil- 
lage ; and in March, 1815, it contained only 20 houses and about 160 inhabitants; in 
August, 1820, it contained (as on page 12) 1,502 inhabitants; but in June, 1823 (only 
2 years and 10 months later,) it contained a population of 3,700! and it has now at 
least 4,500. This includes the population on both sides of the river, as the old wooden 
bridge and great canal aqueduct-bridge connect East and West Rochester, as they are 
sometimes called, though they are incorporated as one and the same village. Roches- 
ter has greater natural advantages of water-power for all kinds of hydraulick works 
than any other place in the State ; and already has many great and active, manufac- 
turing establishments. From its peculiar situation within 7 miles of Lake 1 Ontario. 



78 

to March last— part of it by solar evaporation. One company is establishing 
works at Syracuse, in which it is supposed 100,000 bushels can be produced 
by solar evaporation annually. By means of the canal it can be sold at Troy 
and Albany for 50 cents a bushel. Canal-boat cargoes of Salina salt, both 



from which lake-vessels and steam-boats can come within a little distance of the 
village, and from its natural command of the trade of all the country along the Ge- 
nesee river to Pennsylvania, Rochester has equally great advantages for commercial 
and other business ; and will probably be, at no distant day, the second or third town 
in the State. [See Buffalo further on.] The great aqueduct over the Genesee and 
the falls of that river are in the centre of the village — numerous bridges thrown over 
the Erie canal in almost every direction — spacious basins receiving or discharging 
boats and their cargoes — store-houses overhanging the canal, with their packing and 
forwarding houses and work-shops — and mills, furnaces,and other manufactories lining 
the river, or surrounding its tremendous cataracts — with their necessary sluices, feeders, 
and dams — altogether form a scene and present a view, busy, grand, animating, and 
picturesque in the highest degree. This village already has 4 churches, 40 or 50 stores, 
and 2 weekly newspapers ; and last year, 150 new houses were added to the 600 build- 
ings before in the village, and the exports of flour, the same year, amounted to 130,000 
barrels ! 

Lockport (page 21) has increased its population so fast since January 1, 1822, that 
in June 1823 the village contained 400 buildings and 1,458 inhabitants, exclusive of 
those engaged as labourers on the canal — an increase of 1,121 in 6 months, or doubling 
the population of 1822 in less than every two months ! It probably now contains at least 
2,500 permanent inhabitants. It is now also the seat of justice or capital of Niagara 
county, has two churches, and fine water-privileges (by means of the Erie canal,) and 
is considerably engaged in manufactures. 

Ithaca (pages 12 and 58) contained, in September, 1823, three churches, an academy, 
2 weekly newspapers, court-house and clerk's office, a bank, 30 stores, 230 houses, and 
1268 inhabitants — having more than doubled its population in 5 years. It is situated 
2 miles south of Cayuga lake, and within half a mile of the great falls, on sundry large 
creeks which unite there, where is also a village, just ivithout the corporation-limits of 
Ithaca, containing 150 more persons and many manufactories. Four turnpikes (from 
Catskill, Newburgh,Geneva, and Athens on the Susquehannah in Pennsylvania.) centre 
in Ithaca, where 11 mails arrive weekly. A steam-boat plies between the foot of 
Cayuga lake, near the Erie canal, and Port L'Orient, the landing for Ithaca, at the 
S.E. extremity of the lake ; the stages from New-York to Niagara Falls and Buffalo, 
as well as many others, pass through this village three times a week. So that with its 
fine natural advantages of water-power and its central situation, Ithaca bids fair to 
be a considerable town. 

Newport, a village acquiring considerable business, and already having a weekly 
newspaper published in it, is a village, which has arisen on the Erie canal in the 
town of Elba, west of Brockport, since last summer ! 

Lyons (page 73,) the capital of Wayne county, on the Erie canal, is now one of 
the most flourishing villages in the State. It has 2 churches, 90 dwellings, many 
manufacturers' shops, a dry dock, and several bridges, basins, and wharves along the 
canal. 

Palmyra (pages 62 and 73,) on the same canal, in the same county, west of Lyons, 
is equally enterprising and prosperous, havirrg already 3 churches, an academy, and 
nearly 1000 inhabitants. It has many mills, some manufactures, and canal basins, 
bridges, &c. 

Fredonia, (page G5.) is a new but flourishing village in the town of Pomfret, in Chau- 
tauque county, 45 miles S. W. from Buffalo and 3 miles from Dunkirk on Lake Erie. It 
contains nearly 100 buildings, including an academy, 2 school-houses, stores, mills, &c. 

Buffalo (pages 12 and 55,) though totally destroyed by the British in the late war, 
has now a great number of large and elegant brick houses, and about 300 buildings 
in all (being treble the number before the war,) 2 weekly newspapers, and probably 
2,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of Erie County, at the head of the Erie canal and 
foot of the lake navigation, and has already great commercial and other business. 
Navigation is not yet perfectly safe and certain at Black-Rock, which has also con- 
siderable business ; but if the projected harbour [see page 82] shall answer the objects 
of its formation, this village will also flourish apace ; and, in a short period of time, Buf- 
falo and Black-Rock will be connected by a continued village along the Erie canaland 
lake. When this canal and harbour is completed a great town will soon arise on 



79 

coarse and tine, of a superior quality, have recently reached Albany ; and 
there is no doubt, that this State alone can supply all the northern States, if 
not the whole Union, with salt of as good quality, and as cheap, as it can be 
afforded by the importers of this important article. 

[This salt is said to be the purest in the world. By a faithful analysis, made, T 
believe, by Mr. Chilton, of New-York, it was found to contain 994 parts muriate of 
soda, 574 sulphate of lime, and | muriate of magnesia. The English, Scotch, and St. 
Ubes' salt contains from 6 to 13 parts of muriate of soda, tew than that made at Sa- 
lina, which must give the latter the preference in market over all the others.] 

Banks, page 17. — To the Table of Banks (page S4) should be added the 
following new ones, viz. 44, Troy Savings Bank, 1823, at Troy — 45, Trades- 
man's Bank, 1823, capital #600,000— 46, Chemical Manufacturing Compa- 
ny, 1824, capital #500,000— 47, Fulton Bank, 1824, capital §500,000, with 
permission to augment it to one million; all (the last three) in the city 
of New-York — Long-Island Bank, capital $300,000 at Brooklyn, King's 
County — and, 1824, Bank of Rochester, capital $250,000, at Rochester, 
Monroe County. Whole number of Banks in the State 44, exclusive of 
the 4 Savings Banks (which neither discount nor issue notes) and the United 
States Branch Bank, as on page 17; and the 21 millions of Bank-capital 
are thus augmented to 23,150,000— besides which, the Jersey Bank with 
,§200,000 capital, at Powles' Hook, N. J. and the Manufacturers' Bank, with 
$350,000, at Hoboken, N. J. are chiefly owned and managed by persons in 
New-York, and their bills circulated so much there, as to render them, in 
effect, New- York Banks. 



this spot; and as the beautiful situation of Buffalo must give it the preference, the 
mass of population will doubtless be there — yet it will all be but as one town ; 
and will undoubtedly surpass every other town in this State but New- York, unless it 
be Rochester, which will probably be the second town for some 15 or 20 years, though 
Buffalo must inevitably become the second, after Michigan and other territories around 
the great lakes shall be only as well settled as the country around lake Erie is even 
now — for here must all their business and travel with and to New- York and the other 
Atlantic Stales meet, enter, and depart. No town in the United States, perhaps none 
in the world, remote from tide-waters, unless it be St. Z.ozm— which, when trade and 
settlements have well extended along the Missouri and its numerous and extensive 
tributary streams, must inevitably, by steam-boat and canal navigation, through the 
Illinois, Ohio, Cumberland, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri rivers, become a 

great and flourishing town, and the grand entrepot of immense fertile regions no 

other town, not on tide waters, has such ulterior prospects of trade and travel as 
Buffalo. 

Plailsburgh (pages 12 and 47,) on lake Champlain, is also a flourishing village, and 
now contains about 300 houses, a bank, 2 weekly newspapers, and an academy ; and 
should the St. Lawrence and Champlain canal be made, it will become a place of con- 
siderable importance and much business — as well as Ogdensburgh, Sackett's Harbour, 
Oswego, and especially Syracuse, when the Oswego canal shall be finished. [Sec 
page 21.1 

And Watertown, Jefferson county, (pages 12 and 25,) is also among the growing 
and enterpiising towns. The village (on Black river, 12 miles E. of Sackett's Harbour) 
contains 2 churches, many stores, mills, and work-shops, a large cotton-manufactory, 
and about 110 dwellings. It sold or exchanged cloth to the amount of #33,500 j n one 
year — 1622 barrels of pot and pearl ashes for $39,000 — and, in 1821, the total amount 
of its exports was §72,800. [The amount of the exports from the village of Sackett's 
Harbour, same year, was $91,000, exclusive of a large amount sent coastwise on the 
lake, or by land, to Ogdensburgh.] 

O" The order, therefore, in which our cities and villages now stand in point of po- 
pulation only (instead of being as on page 12,) is this — New- York, Albany, Troy, 
Brooklyn, Rochester, Utica, Schenectady, Poughkeepsie, Hudson, Newburgh, Lock- 
port, Canandaigua, Buffalo, Auburn, Plattsburgh, Sec. and Ithaca should stand next 
nfler Sackett's Harbour and Geneva, and before Kingston. 



80 

Insurance Companies, pages 17 and 72. — Since February, 1822, eleven 
additional Insurance Companies have been incorporated in the city of New- 
York, one at Brooklyn, and two in other parts of the State — total new ones 
14, and in all, throughout the State, 38 — with $4,350,000 additional capital, 
or about $12,350,000 in all. Besides these companies, there are also an In- 
surance and Loan Company, with $500,000 cap. and leave to increase it to one 
million and a half; three Coal Companies, (incorporated, though not in ope- 
ration, I believe,) with an aggregate capital of about two millions ; a Gas 
Light Company with one million capital ; and a Lombard Association for 
loaning money with a capital of . 5200,000 — all in the city of New-York. There 
are also sundry companies in other parts of the State for various purposes 
and with different amounts of capital, not mentioned or included under any 
head in this Manual. 

U. S. Revenue and Post-Offices in New-York, page 18. — The amount 
of Duties on imports and tonnage, for the year ending Sept. 30th, 1823, re- 
ceived by the United States at the single port of New-York, fell but $42,000 
short of ten millions ! 

The number of Post-Offices in this State on the 1st of January, 1824, was 
876 ; and many have since been established, making probably about 900 now 
— July, 1824. In 1793 (thirty years ago) there were only 23 Post-Offices in 
this State ! 

THE GRAND CANALS, pages 18 to 23, and 72.— On the 5th of Sep- 
tember, 1823, the first boat, which ever passed from lake Champlain into 
Hudson's river, by the Champlain or Northern Canal, arrived at the port of 
New-York from St. Albans in Vermont, near the Canada line, 330 miles north 
of New-York. This was the sloop-rigged canal and lake packet-boat, 
Gleaner, 60 feet long on deck, and 13£ feet wide, with a handsome cabin and 
births for ten passengers, and able to carry 60 tons freight. Her cargo con- 
sisted of 1100 bushels of wheat and 40 barrels of pot and pearl ashes ; and 
she was received with salutes of artillery and the congratulations of the ci- 
tizens. 

On the 10th of the same month, the great State dam and sloop-lock in the 
Hudson a little above Troy was completed, opened, and passed by a steam- 
boat and a fleet of sloops, when a great and joyous festival was held by the 
inhabitants of Waterford, Lansingburgh, and Troy, in honour of the occasion. 
This dam across the Hudson, beiow the entrance of all the sprouts or several 
mouths of the Mohawk, but one, is 1,100 feet long, and 9 high; and the 
sloop-lock at the east end is SO feet wide (inside,) 114 feet long, and 25 feet 
high, with 9 feet lift or ascent — the whole cost of which, including the ex- 
pense of deepening the channel of the Hudson below to the lower end of 
Troy, 6 feet at low tide, is #92,270. This dam renders the north or upper 
sprout of the Mohawk, as well as the Hudson, navigable for large sloops, 
past Lansingburgh, up to the point, where the Champlain canal enters the 
Mohawk by 3 locks in Waterford. At the head of these 3 locks, a branch 
canal extends to the north sprout of the Mohawk further up, and by means 
of a dam, across that and the Mohawk itself below the Cohoes bridge, a 
large level sheet of water is formed, through which, by a feeder, the Cham- 
plain canal is connected with the Erie canal in the town of Watervliet, about 
2 miles from Waterford — from which junction the Erie canal (which also 
enters the Hudson at Troy by a side-cut,) passes about 8 miles to Albany. 
Thus this Northern canal is connected with the tide-waters of the Hudson, 
both at Troy and Albany, by three routes. 

On the same day the completion of the great canal aqueduct over the Ge- 
nesee river at Rochester was celebrated. This aqueduct-bridge is built of 
hewn stone and solid mason- work, is 802 feet long, is supported on 1 1 arches 
and is the most costly and stupendous work of the kind in the State. A 
feeder connecting the navigation of the river, above the falls, with the canal. 



81 

conies into it on the east side, which enables boats from the canal to ascend 
the Genesee river 70 or 80 miles. 

On the 8th day of October following, the De Witt Clinton, the first boat 
from the Erie or Great Western Canal, passed into the Hudson at Albany. 
The civil and military authorities united with about 40,000 people, from 
various parts of the State, and a large delegation from the city of New-York, 
in celebrating the completion of this canal from Genesee river to the Hudson; 
and the ringing of bells, discharges of artillery, a grand procession, (part of 
which passed in boats from the junction of the Erie and Champlain canals,) 
publick addresses and congratulations, publick entertainments, and other 
demonstrations of joy, testified the wonder and delight, with which the great 
assemblage of strangers and inhabitants viewed this long desired and most 
interesting event. This boat was piloted into the river by a Captain Daggett, 
eighty-four years of age, who, in the American Revolution, acted as pilot to 
the French fleet and Count de Grasse, when it anchored before York-Town 
previous to the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army. 

During this celebration, and as soon as the procession had passed Gibbons- 
ville on its way to Albany, the Trojan Trader, a Western freight-boat, came 
down the canal near Gibbonsville basin (the short side-cut to the river not 
then being finished,) and took from Troy " the first load of merchandise sent 
from the Hudson westward on the Erie Canal.' 1 This cargo consisted ol 
merchandise (previously purchased in Troy) fur one mercantile firm in the 
county of Tompkins, three in Cayuga, one in Seneca, one in Ontario, one 
in Monroe, and three in St. Lawrence — the goods for the latter county to 
be re-shipped from Rochester at Falltown or Charlotte (Port Genesee,) to 
Ogdensburgh on St. Lawrence, by way of lake Ontario. The completion of 
the Oswego canal (see page 21) would save to the people on the St. Lawrence 
and around half lake Ontario 55 miles canal and more than 100 lake navi- 
gation ! 

On the 24th of the same month, the opening of the Erie Canal to Brock- 
port, 20 miles west of Rochester, was celebrated by the inhabitants of Gene- 
see and Monroe Counties. And on the 16th of November arrived at New- 
York the first vessel or boat that ever reached that port through the Erie 
canal. This was the schooner " Mary and Hannah, of Factory-Falls" in the 
town of Hector, Tompkins county, situate on the south-eastern extremity of 
the beautiful Seneca lake, near 40 miles south of Geneva, within about 23 
miles of the Pennsylvania line, and by the course of the lake, Seneca out-let, 
Erie canal, and Hudson's river, 420 miles from New-York. She was owned 
by two enterprising farmers, one of whom built her himself with the timber 
of their own lands, and also rigged her from their own manufactures, includ- 
ing the greater part of the iron work, blocks, cordage, Sec. He navigated her 
to New-York himself as master, with his partner as supercargo — thus exhi- 
biting a most noble example of the character of a practical agriculturist, me- 
chanick, ship-builder, mariner, and merchant, united in the person of one of 
the ingenious and enterprising citizens of this State. The schooner bears the 
names of the wives of the two owners, and brought a cargo (much of it from 
their own farms) consisting of 800 bushels of wheat, 3 tons of butter, 4 bar- 
rels of beans, some fresh salmon, and other products of the fruitful soil, water?. 
and forests of the West.* 



* The practicability of navigating boats of this kind, which pass the canals, down 
the Hudson to New-York, has been thus fully demonstrated ; hut, as freight from Al- 
bany and Troy is only 12 cents a barrel, and will (when more regular lines of sloops 
and packets are formed) be reduced to or 10 cents, or less — it is not believed it will 
be worth while to prepare the canal-boats to proceed to New-York — the river craft 
can do their business so much cheaper. One of these boats, however, is now at tbr 
wharves of New- York (while this is going to press,) taking in freight for Swanton- V* 
north of £t. Alhans, 

n 



82 

Thus the whole of the Champlain canal was completed and opened early 
in September, 1323; and the Erie canal was, in October following, completed 
from Brockportin the town of Sweden, Monroe county, 20 miles west of Ge- 
nesee river, to the tide-waters of the Hudson at Albany, a distance of 287 
miles. The remaining distance to lake Erie at Buffalo is about 76 miles, all 
of which was under contract last fall, much of the 45 miles from Brockport 
to Lockport being completed at the close of last year, and about half the work 
on the remaining 31 miles thence to Buffalo being then also done: so that 
uninterrupted navigation from Albany to Lockport, 332 miles, will be opened 
this summer, and to Buffalo early next season. 

Course, Rise and Fali., Distances, Locks, &lc. of the Erie Canal. — 
From Buffalo creek and village, where a good harbour is formed by a wide 
and stout pier extending far into the lake, the canal has a descent of half an 
inch per mile, 10 miles into Tonnewanta creek, which by a dam, (4 feet 6 
inches high near the mouth,) forms the canal, without ascent or descent, 
for 12 miles, where deep cutting, as it is called, commences, and extends 
across the mountain 7h miles to Lockport, about 3 miles of which is through 
rock 20 feet deep, with a half-inch descent per mile — forming a level, without 
lock or interruption, the whole 31 miles. Here the canal descends 60 feet by 
5 double locks, one set for descending and the other for ascending boats. Then 
commences the Genesee level, which, with a descent of half an inch per mile, 
continues south of the Alluvial Way (or Ridge Road, 31st page,) 65 miles, 
without any lock or interruption, to the foot of Mount Hor in Brighton, 2 
milf-s east of Genesee river, over which it passes on the great aqueduct-bridge 
at Rochester. From the east end of this great level, it descends for about 
58 miies by 16 locks, 126 feet, to the level of Seneca river,* then 6i miles to 
Montezuma, where commences the first ascent from lake Erie ; and, by 8 as- 
cending locks (73 feet) and 2 descending locks (17 feet,) in about 37 miles, we 
reach the west end of the Rome Summit or Long Level at Lodi, 1| miles east 
of Syracuse. This is the longest water-level on this or any canal, and ex- 
tends 69^ miles (not 67, as on page 19,) from Lodi to Frankfort, on the south 
side of the Mohawk, 8 miles east of Utica. Thence the canal descends for 
about 76 miles, 199 feet, by 26 locks, to Niskayuna, 4 mile-? below Schenec- 
tady ; and thence it descends for 25 miles, nine of which are on the north 
side of the river in Saratoga county, by 20 more locks, 213 feet (passing by 
the Cohoes falls on the south bank of the Mohawk, and then on the west bank 
of the Hudson,) to th»> tide at Albany. So that this canal, in its whole course 
of 363 mill's from Buffalo (290 by the best road,) has 83 locks — besides the 
5 ascending locks at Lockport and sundry guard-locks — descending 620 feet 
by 75 locks, and ascending 73 feet by 8 locks; and finds the tide at Albany 
547, or, as some make it, 550 feet lower than (he waters of lake Erie. A branch 
canal or side-cut opposite Troy connects this canal, by 2 more locks, with the 
tide at that city ; and the feeder and dam across the Mohawk, before men- 
tioned, connect it also with the Champlain canal at Waterford. 

A harbour is also to be formed in lake Erie at the village of Black Rock, at 
the head of Niagara river, two miles below Buffalo, by means of an immense 
mole and pier, extending from the main shore 30 rods to Squaw island, and 
from that island 530 rods to Bird island ; with 260 rods of embankment along 
the east shore of Squaw island. A large lock of about four feet fall is to be 
constructed near the main shore, where the water is from 8 to 10 feet deep, to 
enable vessels from lake Erie to pass down safely into the Niagara below, 
where that river will form an excellent harbour for the distance of 8 or 9 
miles to the mouth of the Tonnewanta, whither thousands of vessels may re- 

* In naming the coimties through which this canal passes (on page 19,) Wayne 
county was not mentioned, as it has been since formed irom part of Seneca and Onta- 
rio counties — see page 73. The canal, of course, passes through that county, and 
now only through a small corner of Seneca county, and through very little, if any, of 
Ontario countv. 



83 

sort in stress of weather, and ride secure from the storms thst frequently 
Agitate the lake, and ascend again at their pleasure. A lock at the Tonne- 
wanta will connect this harbour also with the Erie canal. These works are 
to be built by contract for $95,189. 

Course, Rise and Fall, Distances, Locks, &.c. of the Northern Canal. 
— The Champlain Canal ri?es from the level of that lake at Whitehall, by 7 
locks, 54 feet, to the summit level at Fort-Ann, 12 miles — whence that level 
continues 12 miles to Fort-Edward on Hudson's river, near which village it 
receives a large feeder from that river by means of a dam across it, 900 feet 
long, and 27 feet high. Here the canal descends by 3 locks. 30 feet, into the 
Hudson, which is used as a canal, with 2 locks on the east bank round Fort- 
Miller Falls, to the head of the Saratoga long falls in Argyle, Hi miles— 
■whence the canal runs on the west bank of the Hudson, through the battle 
grounds of Stillwater and Saratoga, 17 miles on a level, 2 miles below Still- 
water village, with less than an inch descent per mile — thence it descends 
by 9 locks, 95 feet in 9£ miles, to the mouth or upper sprout of the Mohawk 
at Waterford — and thence in the Hudson between 2 and 3 miles to the tide- 
water at the foot of the Troy sloop-lock, which descends 9 feet: — whole dis- 
tance 64 miles, ascending by 7 locks, 54 feet, and descending by 14 locks 143 
feet — actual height of Lake Champlain above the Hudson at Fort- Miller, 54 
feet: and above the tide at Troy 89 feet — whole number of locks on this 
canal 21. 

Additional Works and Expense of the Canals. — There are, moreover — 
besides the great aqueduct over the Mohawk at the Little Falls, those over the 
Skaneateles out-let and over Onondaga, Otisco, Owasco, Mud, and other 
creeks, and the many aqueducts over creeks and deep ravines between Ro- 
chester and Lockport — two immense aqueducts over the Mohawk between 
Albany and Schenectady, the first of which is in Watervliet (above the Co- 
hoes Falls,) 1183 feet long, resting on 26 piers, by which means the Erie canal 
crosses the river into Saratoga county ; and the second is at Alexander's 
bridge in Niskayuna (only 11 miles from Ballston Springs,) 802 feet long, and 
25 feet above the surface of the river, bringing back the canal to the south 
bank of the Mohawk in Schenectady county. There are, also, an immense 
and very expensive embankment at Irondequot (or Teoronto) creek in Pitts- 
ford, Monroe county, and very many smaller ones in other different places: 
three dams across Hudson's river, (besides those at Troy and Fort-Edward,) 
one across the Mohawk, one across Schoharie river, or creek, one across the 
Tonnewanta, a great many across such streams as Wood, Fish, Oriskany, 
Oneida, and Chitteningo creeks: — large and convenient basins at various 
places along the canals, one at their termination in Albany, and two or more 
at several places, such as Waterford, Gihbonsville, their junction below the 
Cohoes, Schenectady, Utica, Syracuse, Salina, (end of the branch canal from 
Syracuse,) Lyons, Palmyra, Rochester, Lockport. fee and one dry dock at 
Lyons, one at Palmyra, and 2 or 3 at Syracuse for building and repairing 
boats: — a great many feeders, several of which are navigable some distance 
from the canal: — and bridges, waste- weirs, guard-locks, and culverts almost 
innumerable. 

But as using Hudson's river for the canal the 11 miles before mentioned, 
prevents the running of passage-boats on the Champlain canal, and is found 
inconvenient in other respects — it is intended to construct the canal, that dis- 
tance, on the west bank of that river. This and the completion of a feeder, 
which is begun, from Glen's Falls to the Fort-Ann Summit level, and some 
other improvements, will cost about $350,000. And the completion of the 
Erie canal from Brockport to Buffalo, including the Black-Rock harbour, and 
some other improvements along that canal, will cost about $ 1,000,000 more. 
The whole amount which both canals and the works connected with them and 
their uses had cost, at the close of 1823, was a little over seven millions. So 
that the cost of completing the irhole of these, great works and their appen- 



84 

dages, which will be wholly, accomplished in the course of the year 1S25, will 
be about $8,500,000. 

This difference from the original calculation and from that on page 20, ante, 
has arisen from sundry causes and circumstances. And it is not the least in- 
teresting and curious fact, that the beneficial effects, which even the partial 
construction of the Western canal had on all the country along and near its 
borders, so much exceeded all anticipation, that in 1822, as soon as produce 
could, even by some short distances of land-carriage, where the canal was not 
then navigable, pass from Rochester to Schenectady, by means of the Mo- 
hawk from the Little Falls, (then the east end of canal navigation,) the price 
of wheat on the western section of the canal rose fifty per cent, and of all ar- 
ticles of subsistence along that and the middle section, nearly as much. This, 
of course, rendered the expenses of supporting all persons employed at least 
one third more, and greatly raised the amount of the sums thenceforward 
paid on contracts for jobs. Great alterations, also, continued to be made in 
the manner of constructing many parts of the work. It was found far more 
expensive than was expected to fasten such piers in the rapids of the Genesee at 
Rochester, as were sufficient to sustain the vast arches and aqueduct, which 
it was deemed more judicious and economical to erect at first, instead of al- 
tering or enlarging them afterwards. A double tier of locks were ordered to 
be made at Lockport, to enable the ascending and descending boats to pass 
without interfering with or hindering each other; and it is to be regretted, 
that a similar course was not pursued at the Cohoes and Little-Falls, and 
every place, where there are many locks near together, as the time is not far 
distant, when another tier of locks must be constructed at such places, or 
great delay, confusion, and dissatisfaction will be the consequence. The dam 
and lock at Troy, the harbour at Black-Rock, the dam at Fort Edward, the 
two aqeducts over the Mohawk, the deep cutting of 20 feet through 3 miles 
of solid rock at the Mountain Ridg;*, several side-cuts or branch canals, and 
sundry other considerable works,* are all in addition to the original calcula- 
tion. And most of the work has been done with far better materials and 
with more labour, and the numerous aqueducts (mostly of solid mason- 
work) twice as substantial and expensive, as was contemplated on the com- 
mencement of the undertaking. So that without making any allowance for 
• he unlooked-for sudden alteration in the price of produce, the excess of the 
whole cost over that of the original calculation, will not equal the additional 
improvement, usefulness, and value of these great works, nor the proportion 
of toll, received as the works proceed, beyond what was anticipated. 

Toll, pages 20 &, 72. — The toll on salt and gypsum is now fixed at the 
rate of 50 cents a ton for 100 miles — on other produce of the country $1,50 
— and on merchandise g3. The revenue from tolls on both canals, in 1822. 
was 564,072.33, though it was estimated beforehand at only #40,000. Last 
year (1823) it was as follows : Erie canal, between Brockport and Seneca river 
$20,054.11— Middle section (from Seneca river to Utica) g77, 593.26— Eastern 
section $27,444.09— total on E.C. $125,991.46 -.—Champlain canal $26,966.87. 
Total on both canals, $152,958.33— though not open to the Hudson till Sep- 
tember and October, as before stated; and although the toll ivas estimated in 
the winter of 1823, at only $100,000. The commissioners observe that the 
amount received on the Champlain canal gives much greater promise of the 
future usefulness of that canal than has ever been anticipated. They estimate 
the revenue from both canals this year (1824) at $250,000. It will probably ex- 
ceed that sum. During the first 27 days after the navigation commenced in 
May last, toll was received at the single lock at Albany, (only 8 miles from the 
toll-house at the junction) the sum of #17,7S8.71. And I think there can 



* Three of the 7 leeks of the Erie canal, at its junction with the Champlain canal, are 
made of white marble, from the quarry at Spi'.rta in West-Chester county. V?,S m?les 
distant Hown the Hudson. 



SiOw remain little doubt, that after next year, when the canals shall have been 
wholly finished, the Erie Canal alone will yield the half million calculated on, 
page 21 ; and that by 1830, d.million is no improbable amount. Nor of their 
great 

Public Utility and Convenience can less be said than of their profit 
to the state and benefit to individuals. They will give employment to a 
great mass of people, which will be increased as the canals urge on the settle- 
ment of new lands in the Western States, and the improvement and better cul- 
tivation of those already but sparely settled This will produce and keep 
alive competition, which insures fidelity and cheapness in transportation. Al- 
ready extensive lines of sloops and boats (and waggons where the Erie Canal 
is not finished) have been established from New-York to Buffalo, the proprie- 
tors of which will (by their connexions) also forward any freight to Green Bay, 
Michigan, Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, or even to Louisville or St. Louis. — 
Nor does travelling or removing with families now meet with any obstacles. — 
Even lines of passage or packet boats are already established on the Erie 
Canal ; and, while a passage in one of these boats is far more easy and safe 
from jolting, noise, or accidents, than in stages and steam-boats, it is vastly 
cheaper. A light steam-boat also, is about to run from Schenectady to Ro- 
chester, at the rate of only three cents a mile for each passenger, or $9 20, the 
whole distance (240 miles,) including board ! And way passengers, or those 
who have only a day's travel or a little way to go on business or pleasure, and 
want no meals or lodging, now pay but two cents a mile — an unparalleled con- 
venience to people on or near the canal. A hundred weight of goods can now 
be conveyed from New-York, by this canal to Columbus in Ohio, for $3 kO 
— from Philadelphia to the same place, it costs from 5 to 6 dollars. When 
this canal shall be finished (in 1825) the same thing can be done for less than 
$3, and when the Ohio canal or canals shall be made (as inevitably will be the 
case, at no distant day.) it can be done for less than $2. The vast tide of emi- 
gration which these great and obvious advantages to the countries on and 
near the great lakes, or rivers leading through them to the Erie Canal, have 
lately turned from Indiana, Illinois, (and other fine countries not yet connected 
with this canal,) into Michigan, the North West section of Ohio, where the In- 
dian title is now extinguished, and the North Western Territory at and around 
Green Bay — clearly indicates the importance of the canal to other states and 
territories, and foreshows the wealth and honour it is destined to confer on 
the state of New-York. In two or three years after its full completion, it 
will make Michigan an independent and confederated State of the Union, 
and many years sooner than it otherwise would be constituted a state ; and 
will also he the means of promoting part of the present North Western Ter- 
ritory to the same distinction in eight or ten years. And it will do still more 
for the rich and extensive domains of Illinois, the moment (which, it is 
hoped, is now not far remote,) that the safe and easy navigation of her une- 
qualled fresh-water river, almost a natural canal of itself for more than 300 
miles, shall be extended by an artificial canal 60 or 70 miles to the south end 
of lake Michigan, which is only about 50 feet higher than the Mississippi at 
the mouth of the Illinois, a few miles only from St. Louis. 

Neither have the prospects of trade in the productions of our own state and 
its waters, nor the expectations, founded on the attractions which all these con- 
veniences and improvements add to our natural advantages, in the least 
failed us. On the contrary, the minutest productions of the ocean, rivers, and 
lakes — the most humble tree or shrub of the forest — the most common sub- 
stance of the earth — as well as the ordinary productions of farms, gardens, and 
orchards, can all be transported to places where they will be useful or desira- 
ble, with such facility and cheapness, that none of our people can ever be at a 
loss for useful employment. And while the rising cities and villages in this 
and other Atlantic states receive the water-lime, now acknowledged to be 
superior to the Roman cement, (see page 16,) and the lumber, the salt, the 
Iron. fcc. of our interior, (he people along the canals and even around the 



86 

Jakes, even to Detroit, Mackinaw, and Green Bay, may, without extravagance, 
by means of these canals, feast on the early and delicate fruits of the Southern 
States and the West Indies, and on the oysters, green turtle, and other shell 
fish of the sea-board.* And while invalids find their way to the mineral wa- 
ters of Saratoga with the greatest ease and economy, those persons who tra- 
vel for pleasure or information will now have new and powerful inducements 
to visit this State. A single day's ride on these canals affords opportunity and 
subjects for lasting delight and deep reflection.! 



* Already a museum floats on the Erie canal; and a boat, called the Encyclopedia 
traverses the country by the canal, bearing along a book-store of 2000 volumes, and a 
lottery office, distributing the favours of literature and fortune, and collecting in return even 
rags as well as money. Such is the enterprise and industry these wonderful improve- 
ments have awakened. 

t A traveller has lately described a passage of this kind on the Erie canal, in June, 
from Albany to Schenectady (28 miles by the canal,) which may perhaps be considered 
the most interesting and grand of any in a like distance on any canal in the world. 
From Albany to Gibbonsville the canal passes on the right or west bank of the Hud- 
son, between that river and the great northern road which comes through Troy, the 
road filled with stages and carriages of all descriptions, and the river whitened with 
the sails of vessels; while before and behind you appear canal boats freighted with the 
productions of the north and west, or with merchandise from foreign climes for the sup- 
ply of the interiour and new countries- The traveller thinks that this spectacle infinite- 
ly surpasses, in magnitude and interest, the boasted view of the Duke of Bridgewater's 
canal as it passes the river Irwell in England. After passing through the grounds of the 
United States' arsenal and in full view of Troy, and when the boat has ascended the 
highest elevation of the ridge, over which the Mohawk descends by the Cohoe's falls, a 
mile or two above the junction of the western and northern canals, an extensive, beau- 
tiful, and sublime prospect is presented. Close and low on your left, if you turn to the 
east (as the prospect requires,) the Cohoes thunders down 70 feet perpendicularly, in an 
tinbroken sheet, at this season, from shore to shore ; and on raising your eyes, the tops 
of the Kayaderassoras mountains in Saratoga, and the mountains around lake George, 
appear in the north. On your right (seven miles below) are seen the spires of Albany, 
and the blue summits of the Cattskill mountains in the distant horizon. Before you, 
and at your feet, as it w«re, lie the bridge over the Mohawk and the four rocky mur- 
muring mouths (or sprouts) of that river ; the canals gliding away to Albany and to 
lake Champlain through the bloody fields of Saratoga ; the broad Hudson slumbering 
in his bed ; the large villages of Waterford and Lansingburgh and the bridge across the 
Hudson between them, with the many new and smaller villages, and the city of Troy, 
obscured only by the dark green forest on the islands embosomed in the branches of the 
Mohawk — while the Hudson below winds his sluggish way heavily against the tide to- 
ward the ocean, with the mountains of Massachusetts and the Green mountains in Ver- 
mont rising in front of you, into the eastern sky, and a cultivated country around you, 
loaded with the bounty of Ceres and Pomona. On proceeding westward, you have a 
view of the heights of Duanesburgh and the distant hills of Montgomery and of Sarato- 
ga counties, into the latter of which you pass on the first great aqueduct over the Mo- 
hawk, and sailing along in view of the village of Middleton, in the town of Half-moon, 
you re-cross the Mohawk, on the second aqueduct, into Schenectady county at Alexan- 
der's bridge, where a feeder from the Mohawk above supplies the canal downwards to 
its junction with the northern canal. You then proceed on a level along the Mohawk 
to Schenectady (the seat of Union College) where the canal passes through the princi- 
pal streets of the city, in sight of its beautiful bridge over the (Viohawk. 

In this passage, which, owing to the great number of locks to be passed, takes up most 
of the day, we had (as is the case in all the canal passage-boats) excellent accommo- 
dations, genteel and intelligent company, a courteous commander, an obliging crew, 
and excellent viands and wines, with all the delicacies of the season. In this single 
short passage, we saw, also, all the various machinery and -properties of a canal, deep- 
cuttings, (some places 27 feet through rocks,) basins, aqueducts, locks, feeders, bridges, 
waste-weirs, guard-locks, culverts, and embankments. Moreover, in the course of this 
passage of 28 miles, we saw three cities, eight villages, one college, two arsenals, four 
large river-bridges, (three of them on the Mohawk,) two large aqueducts, twenty- eight 
Jocks, (2 at Troy,) two large rivers, and one celebrated cataract. We passed through 
three counties, and saw parts of several more: as well as parts of three states; and we 



87 

So that, on the whole, not only have our sober anticipations of the benefits, 
uses, and convenience of these Grand Canals, in the pursuits of agriculture, 
manufactures, trade, and commerce ; and, in the means of travelling on busi- 
ness or pleasure, as well as in promoting the interests of learning, in securing 
the future abundance of our treasury, and in establishing the credit and eleva- 
ting the character of the state both at home and abroad, been realized — but even 
the hopes and calculations of the most sanguine have thus far been fulfilled ; and, 
on some points, greatly surpassed. The stimilus our success has given to en- 
terprise, in works of this kind, in our sister states, is already in operation ; and, 
the great Union, or " Ohio and Chesapeake" canal, to connect the waters of the 
Ohio river and its head branches with the ocean through the Potomack river 
and the waters of the Chesapeake Bay — which, but for the undertakings and 
success of New-York, would not have been commenced for many generations 
yet to come, if ever — has already been spiritedly undertaken by three states, 
and will (probably with the aid of a fourth state) be accomplished 10 or 12 years 
hence at the latest. This project includes also, the construction of a canal 
connecting the Ohio* with lake Erie, by which the people of Western Penn- 
sylvania, Ohio, and the whole Western country will be furnished with a choice 
of markets in the Atlantic States. Nor need this be any cause of apprehension 
that the Erie Canal will want business: on the contrary, a double set of locks 
throughout its whole extent will be necessary very soon after its entire com- 
pletion ; and in less than forty years, it is believed that an additional parallel 
canal, or the enlargement of the present one, will become absolutely necessa- 
ry. The latter method will probably be considered the best, and be commen- 
ced in a shorter period than above mentioned ; for, I imagine, that whenever 
any considerable portion of the canal shall need extensive repairs or alteration, 
it would be much the cheapest and produce the least delay or interruption in 
its navigation, to make it a third or two fifths wider, and (if advisable) a foot 
or two deeper, with a towing path on each side, one for the ascending and the 
other for the decending boats. In a few years the canal could be enlarged, in 
this manner, the whole length. This would obviate all trouble and delay in 
the boats passing by each other as they now do, and would answer the same 
purpose as an additional canal of the same dimensions as the present one. — 
It would cost much less In do this than to construct an entire new andseperate 
canal, and require less water to supply it, as the evaporation and soakage in 
two separate canals, would be much greater than in one requiring an equal 
quantity of water, in the first instance. But a single canal, which would an- 
swer all the purposes of two such as the Erie Canal, need not necessarily be 
large enough to require near so much water as two separate ones, even at the 
first filling. 

witnessed much of the sublime and beautiful in nature and art, with a display of rapid 
and useful improvement, no where else exhibited in the same extent of country. [I have 
myself often been over most of the ground here described, particularly about the Co- 
hoes, Troy, and Schenectady, and know the truth of this representation, with some ad- 
ditions, which I have made from persona] observation.] 

* This is a different canal from the " Ohio Canal" mentioned in the 22d page of tin's 
Manual. The one there mentioned has been earnestly undertaken by the state ef Ohio, 
but its course is not yet fixed on, owing to some doubt about a sufficiency of water on 
the summit-level between the lake and the river, on the Scioto route. Surveyors and 
engineers are now exploring other routes and attempting to ascertain the quantity of 
water which may be obtained on each. Eventually the canal may pass by the San- 
dusky and Great or Little Miami to the Ohio near Cincinnati — by: the Sandusky and Scio- 
to — by the Cayahoga and the Muskingum — or, more probably, by the Cayahoga, Musk- 
ingum, and Scioto near Chilicothe, to the Ohio. At any rate it will pass nearly through 
the middle of the state, north and south, or north-easterly and south-westerly. The 
canal, to connect lake Erie with the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, will pass through part 
of Pennsylvania by the Big Beaver, into Ohio by the Mahoning creek, and by part of 
Grand river to Fairport, on the lake ; whole distance about 90 miles. 



#8 

Uiiier canals aire also proposed to be made in our own State ; particularly un< 
considerable importance called the " St. Lawrence and Cliamplain Canal," to connecr. 
the St. Lawrence river at Ogdensburgh with lake Champlain at Plattsburgh, and (by 
this lake) with the Champlain and Northern Canal at Whitehall. The course of this 
canal would be through St. Lawrence, Franklin, and Cljnton counties, running aloii£ 
from 5 or 6 to 10 or 15 miles from the St. Lawrence river and the Canada line ; its 
length about 130 miles; and its summit-levsl above lake Champlain 1245 feet, requir- 
ing about 1650 feet of lockage, including both the ascent and descent. Although this 
would be an expensive canal, and would not, in such a thinly settled country, obtain 
great business at once — since it is not probable any trade would be done through it 
from such parts of the shores of Ontario as would reach it by boats or sloops, inasmuch 
as trade from such parts of the country could reach Oswpgo as easily as Ogdensburgh, 
and by taking the Oswego and Erie Canals, arrive in the Hudson without re-shiptnent 
and trans-shipment to and from sloops on lake Champlain at Plattsburgh and White- 
hall, or the additional expense and delay of 100 miles lake navigation : still, as it 
would obtain considerable business from Canada, and conduce to the rapid settlement 
of the country (some of it very fertile,) through which it will pass, it certainly ought to 
be commenced ere long. And as it is an important object to effect the settlement and 
improvement of that least improved portion of the state, I cannot but think that the 
state should advance or procure part of the funds to complete this canal, next after that 
of Oswego. In a few years after its completion, the publick lands in that quarter would 
be at least trebled in value. 

No branch of political economy has heretofore been so little understood as that of 
making canals. Far, as to any community itself in which there are more persons than 
enough to raise provisions and procure clothing for that community, there could be no 
loss in raising money and paying it out again for making a canal within its territory, 
oven if the canal should never be used. The same amount of money or property would 
still be in the community — it would only have changed hands. And, if such canal 
should be used, whatever should be. received on it, beyond the expense of repairs, toll- 
gatherers, &c. would be a clear gain to such state or community. But, in a communi- 
ty, which has lands to settle, and is desirous of increasing its members, the positive be- 
nefits of canals — where they can unite with great natural and navigable water-cours- 
es, which extend to a market, or pass through countries, where articles, produced in 
the territory lying along such canals, can be exchanged for such products of the former 
as are wanted in the latter — exceed all calculation. And there can be no doubt, that 
every strip of inhabitable country, from 15 to 25 miles wide, in which a canal could be 
made to reach any such water-course as the Hudson, Ohio, Mississippi and its naviga- 
ble branches, Alabama and Tombeckbee, James River, Kennebeck, Penobscot, and all 
the lakes, connected with either and navigable by sloops or steam-boats: every such strip 
of country, having 7 to 12 miles of country on each side of a canal, would not only pay 
for making one, by means of its toll, in 15 or 20 years, but, in twice such period, would 
hereby treble or quadruple its wealth, its population, and the value of the land remani- 
ng unsold. 

Common Schools, Academies, &c. pages 23, 24, and 72. — In 1823 the number 
of common schools was 7,382, kept, on an average, eight months in the year, of which 
331 are new schools, organized since 1822. The whole number of children taught that 
year, was 400,53d, being more than one-fourth of the whole population of the State. 
If to these we add those taught in the academies and colleges of the state, the total 
would be about 404,000, exclusive of those taught in the various Sunday schools, in the 
schools of charitable and religious societies, and the numerous private and other schools 
mentioned on page 24. So that if we reckon these latter, there can be little doubt 
that the whole number of youth, who receive instruction for the greatest portion of the 
year, in this state, exceeds 425,000. These are also exclusive of the numerous students 
at law, at the medical schools, and at the theological seminaries. 

State Fcnds, R.evenue, and Expenditures, page 26. — The total amount of 
tiie funds of the state, at the close of last year (1823) was $4,270,806 38. The publick 
debt was at the same time, $1,050,000 00, besides the canal loan, which was then 
$2,943,500 00 at 6 per cent, and $2,922,000 oo at 5 do. — total debt of this state 
£6,915,500 00. The receipts at the treasury, in 1823, amounted to §1,132,484 86; 
and the payments to £1,104,964 44. The ordinary expenses of government for this year 
(1824) are estimated at £299,200 00 ; and the amount of revenue (for the same period) 
applicable to the same, at $453,527 36, leaving $161,327 36 unappropriated in the 
treasury. And it is, therefore, supposed that the tax of one mill on a dollar may be 
safely reduced one-half. The common school and literary funds have exnerienrer' 
Little or no variation siiicp the close of 1821- 



